Table 2.
Echocardiographic Assessment
| Characteristic | All (n=3673) | AF (n=650) | No AF (n=3023) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rest LVOT gradient, median (IQR), mm Hg | 29 (8 to 70) | 21 (0 to 59) | 31 (9 to 71) | <0.001 |
| Resting LVOT gradient >30 mm Hg | 1310 (36) | 202 (31) | 1108 (37) | <0.001 |
| Obstructive phenotype* | 2730 (75) | 441 (68) | 2289 (76) | <0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 70 (9) | 67 (11) | 70 (8) | <0.001 |
| LVEF<50% | 83 (3) | 38 (7) | 45 (2) | <0.001 |
| RVSP, mm Hg | 38 (14) | 43 (16) | 36 (12) | <0.001 |
| LVEDD, mm | 45 (6) | 46 (7) | 45 (6) | <0.001 |
| Septal thickness, mm | 18 (6) | 18 (5) | 18 (6) | 0.66 |
| Posterior wall thickness, mm | 13 (3) | 13 (3) | 12 (3) | 0.007 |
| Moderate or severe mitral regurgitation | 586 (16) | 130 (20) | 456 (15) | 0.01 |
| LAVI, mL/m2† | 48 (23) | 62 (38) | 45 (16) | <0.001 |
| Deceleration time, ms‡ | 228 (64) | 216 (69) | 231 (62) | <0.001 |
| Medial E/e’ ratio§ | 18 (8) | 19 (9) | 17 (8) | <0.001 |
| Lateral E/e’ ratio∥ | 14 (7) | 14 (7) | 14 (7) | 0.37 |
Categorical variables are shown as n (%) and continuous variables as mean (SD), unless otherwise specified. AF indicates atrial fibrillation; IQR, interquartile range; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure.
*
Includes patients with resting LVOT obstruction (gradient >30 mm Hg) or labile LVOT obstruction (resting gradient <30 mm Hg and provoked gradient >50 mm Hg).
Data available for †n=1706; ‡n=2556; §n=1649; ∥n=824 patients.