Table 4.
Cox's Proportional Hazards Models for the Association of Atrial Fibrillation With Overall and Cause‐Specific Mortality
| Model Adjustments | Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All‐Cause Death (n=1069) | Sudden Cardiac Death (n=79)* | Non‐Sudden Cardiac Death (n=65)* | Non‐Cardiac Death (n=200)* | |
| None | 1.76 (1.51 to 2.03)* | 1.73 (0.96 to 2.92) | 1.56 (0.77 to 2.89) | 1.78 (1.25 to 2.49)* |
| Age, sex | 1.49 (1.28 to 1.72)* | 1.42 (0.79 to 2.41) | 1.17 (0.58 to 2.17) | 1.36 (0.95 to 1.90) |
| Age, sex, FHx SCD | 1.51 (1.30 to 1.74)* | 1.44 (0.80 to 2.45) | 1.12 (0.55 to 2.09) | 1.37 (0.96 to 1.91) |
| Age, sex, FHx SCD, NYHA class III/IV | 1.48 (1.27 to 1.72)* | 1.47 (0.81 to 2.50) | 1.01 (0.48 to 1.93) | 1.36 (0.96 to 1.91) |
| Age, sex, FHx SCD, NYHA class III/IV, obstructive phenotype* | 1.48 (1.27 to 1.71)* | 1.45 (0.80 to 2.48) | 1.01 (0.48 to 1.92) | 1.34 (0.94 to 1.88) |
| + Aspirin or warfarin | 1.47 (1.26 to 1.71)* | 1.58 (0.86 to 2.74) | 1.27 (0.59 to 2.45) | 1.59 (1.11 to 2.24)* |
| + Antiarrhythmics | 1.45 (1.24 to 1.69)* | 1.34 (0.71 to 2.36) | 0.93 (0.42 to 1.85) | 1.56 (1.09 to 2.18)* |
| Age, sex, FHx SCD, NYHA class III/IV, obstructive phenotype*, excluding patients with SRT* | 1.44 (1.20 to 1.71)* | 1.44 (0.75 to 2.60) | 1.22 (0.49 to 2.61) | 1.36 (0.92 to 1.95) |
FHx SCD indicates family history of sudden cardiac death; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SRT, septal reduction therapy.
*
Information on the cause of death was not available for n=630 patients.
*
Statistically significant effect.
*
Includes patients with resting left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction (gradient >30 mm Hg) or labile LVOT obstruction (resting gradient <30 mm Hg and provoked gradient >50 mm Hg).
*
Septal myectomy and/or alcohol septal ablation before or after the index evaluation.