Table 2.
Rates, Hazard Ratios* (95% CI), and Rate Ratios* (95% CI) for Hospitalizations, Emergency Department Visits, and Outpatient Office Visits by Self‐Reported Physical Functioning and Self‐Rated General Health
| Self‐Reported Physical Functioning | Self‐Rated General Health | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (N=61) | Moderate‐High (N=356) | Poor (N=54) | Fair (N=135) | Good‐Excellent (N=228) | |
| Hospitalizations* | |||||
| Rate* | 1.8 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.9 |
| Crude | 1.57 (1.20 to 2.05) | 1.00 (ref) | 2.19 (1.67 to 2.87) | 1.66 (1.30 to 2.11) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Age‐ and sex‐adjusted | 1.59 (1.23 to 2.07) | 1.00 (ref) | 2.17 (1.66 to 2.85) | 1.65 (1.30 to 2.09) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Adjusted* | 1.52 (1.17 to 1.99) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.73 (1.29 to 2.32) | 1.46 (1.14 to 1.87) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Emergency department visits* | |||||
| Rate* | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 1.2 |
| Crude | 1.49 (1.08 to 2.05) | 1.00 (ref) | 2.00 (1.44 to 2.78) | 1.58 (1.22 to 2.05) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Age‐ and sex‐adjusted | 1.49 (1.08 to 2.06) | 1.00 (ref) | 2.00 (1.43 to 2.78) | 1.58 (1.23 to 2.04) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Adjusted* | 1.48 (1.04 to 2.11) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.73 (1.16 to 2.56) | 1.48 (1.13 to 1.93) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Outpatient office visits* | |||||
| Rate* | 27.4 | 22.2 | 27.7 | 24.1 | 21.1 |
| Crude | 1.28 (1.07 to 1.54) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.41 (1.16 to 1.71) | 1.19 (1.04 to 1.38) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Age‐ and sex‐adjusted | 1.27 (1.06 to 1.53) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.38 (1.13 to 1.68) | 1.18 (1.03 to 1.36) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Adjusted* | 1.14 (0.94 to 1.38) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.14 (0.92 to 1.41) | 1.12 (0.96 to 1.31) | 1.00 (ref) |
*
Estimates are hazard ratios for hospitalizations and emergency department visits.
*
Estimates are rate ratios for outpatient office visits.
*
Crude event rate per person year.
*
Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, prevalent vs incident heart failure status, ejection fraction, and diabetes.