Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of Coronary Heart Disease Patients and Controls in 1989–1990, the Nurses' Health Study

Characteristics*	Cases (N=466)	Controls (N=470)	P Value*
Age, y*	59.5±6.6	59.4±6.6	0.88
Body mass index, kg/m2	26.4±5.2	25.2±4.3	0.0001
Physical activity, MET‐h/wk	16.8±17.8	18.1±17.1	0.29
Alternate Healthy Eating Index score	37.8±8.1	38.4±8.7	0.31
Alcohol, g/day	5.5±8.8	6.8±9.7	0.03
Smoking status, %*			0.85
Current smoker	25.3	24.1
Former smoker	37.8	38.3
Never smoked	36.9	37.7
Medical history
Diabetes, %	13.7	5.1	<0.0001
Hypertension, %	48.3	26.2	<0.0001
Hypercholesterolemia, %	53.2	40.6	0.0001
Parental MI before age 65 years, %	32.2	19.6	<0.0001
Fasting status, %*	70.6	70.4	0.95
Postmenopausal status, %			0.52
Pre‐menopause	11.2	13.2
Post‐menopause, current hormone users	35.8	38.5
Post‐menopause, past hormone users	18.2	16.4
Post‐menopause, never used hormone	34.8	31.9
Use of aspirin, %	60.5	63.8	0.30
Biomarkers*
Fetuin‐A, μg/mL	457.0±108.3	455.4±119.4	0.83
TC, mg/dL	232.8±41.8	228.2±42.8	0.10
LDL‐C, mg/dL	143.7±38.4	137.6±39.3	0.02
HDL‐C, mg/dL	52.9±15.2	59.4±16.5	<0.0001
TG, mg/dL	142.5±84.7	118.5±62.9	<0.0001
hsCRP, mg/dL	0.48±0.77	0.30±0.44	<0.0001
HbA1c, %	5.9±1.4	5.5±0.6	<0.0001
Adiponectin, μg/mL	8.1±4.0	9.2±3.8	<0.0001

Hb_A1c indicates hemoglobin A1c; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; MET‐hr, metabolic equivalent‐hours; MI, myocardial infarction; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triacylglycerol.

^*Plus‐minus values are mean±standard deviation. Percentages are based on nonmissing data.

^*P value estimates are based on Student t test for variables expressed as mean±standard deviation or Pearson χ² test for variables expressed as percentages.

^*Matching factors.

^*Data of hsCRP were missing for 20 participants, and this figure was 12 for TC and HDL‐C, 22 for LDL‐C, 60 for fasting TG, 14 for adiponectin, and 146 for Hb_A1c.