Table 3.
Temporal Trends in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Incidence Rate/10 000 Live Births Stratified According to Race/Ethnicity
| n | Overall | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | P trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complete case analysis | |||||||||||
| Caucasian | 11 561 | 6.4 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 7.2 | 8.3 | 7.6 | <0.001 |
| African–American | 10 948 | 22.8 | 15.9 | 13.7 | 15.9 | 19.9 | 21.5 | 28.3 | 32.5 | 35.2 | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 2813 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 3.9 | <0.001 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 664 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 3.1 | 0.156 |
| Native American | 165 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 5.9 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 0.001 |
| Other | 750 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Unknown/missing | 7318 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Multiple imputation | |||||||||||
| Caucasian | 15 410 | 8.6 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 9.3 | 9.5 | 8.7 | <0.001 |
| African–American | 14 109 | 29.4 | 21.1 | 20.0 | 24.8 | 28.2 | 29.1 | 36.5 | 36.7 | 39.0 | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 3500 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 0.423 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 901 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 7.0 | 3.4 | 0.912 |
| Native American | 299 | 9.1 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 9.0 | 10.5 | 10.9 | 10.1 | 11.7 | 14.2 | <0.001 |
“n” indicates the number of discharges across all years. The numbers are weighted to reflect PPCM cases in the entire United States population. Both “other” and “unknown/missing” race categories were considered as missing for multiple imputation.