Table 6.
Temporal Trends in Secondary Outcomes in Patients With Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
| Outcome | Overall | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | Odds Ratio Per Year* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In‐hospital mortality | ||||||||||
| % | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.8 | — |
| Unadjusted OR | — | Ref. | 1.86 (1.15 to 3.01) | 0.48 (0.25 to 0.93) | 2.13 (1.35 to 3.37) | 0.79 (0.45 to 1.37) | 2.49 (1.60 to 3.87) | 2.20 (1.41 to 3.45) | 2.25 (1.61 to 3.92) | 1.13 (1.08 to 1.18) |
| Adjusted OR | — | Ref. | 1.08 (0.62 to 1.88) | 0.14 (0.05 to 0.39) | 1.50 (0.91 to 2.49) | 0.64 (0.35 to 1.17) | 0.97 (0.58 to 1.62) | 1.37 (0.83 to 2.24) | 1.39 (0.86 to 2.24) | 1.08 (1.02 to 1.14) |
| Cardiac arrest | ||||||||||
| % | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 2.6 | — |
| Unadjusted OR | — | Ref. | 1.09 (0.78 to 1.52) | 0.24 (0.14 to 0.40) | 1.18 (0.86 to 1.62) | 1.71 (1.27 to 2.30) | 1.21 (0.89 to 1.64) | 0.89 (0.64 to 1.23) | 1.40 (1.04 to 1.90) | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.10) |
| Adjusted OR | — | Ref. | 0.79 (0.54 to 1.15) | 0.23 (0.14 to 0.40) | 0.88 (0.62 to 1.25) | 1.35 (0.97 to 1.87) | 0.57 (0.40 to 0.83) | 0.62 (0.43 to 0.87) | 0.97 (0.70 to 1.35) | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.04) |
| Heart transplant | ||||||||||
| % | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | — |
| Unadjusted OR | — | Ref. | 0.53 (0.24 to 1.14) | 0.46 (0.21 to 1.00) | 0.62 (0.31 to 1.24) | 1.74 (0.99 to 3.04) | 1.14 (0.63 to 2.05) | 0.82 (0.44 to 1.54) | 0.95 (0.51 to 1.76) | 1.06 (0.99 to 1.13) |
| Adjusted OR | — | Ref. | 0.22 (0.05 to 0.98) | 0.22 (0.05 to 0.98) | 0.30 (0.10 to 0.89) | 2.78 (1.25 to 6.16) | 0.58 (0.23 to 1.44) | 0.88 (0.37 to 2.08) | 0.79 (0.35 to 1.81) | 1.06 (0.96 to 1.18) |
| Mechanical circulatory support | ||||||||||
| % | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 2.2 | — |
| Unadjusted OR | — | Ref. | 0.87 (0.53 to 1.44) | 0.65 (0.38 to 1.10) | 1.65 (1.08 to 2.51) | 1.53 (1.00 to 2.35) | 2.33 (1.56 to 3.46) | 1.70 (1.12 to 2.56) | 2.43 (1.64 to 3.62) | 1.17 (1.12 to 1.21) |
| Adjusted OR | — | Ref. | 0.64 (0.35 to 1.19) | 0.66 (0.36 to 1.23) | 1.34 (0.82 to 2.20) | 1.25 (0.76 to 2.07) | 1.15 (0.71 to 1.84) | 0.99 (0.61 to 1.60) | 1.65 (1.05 to 2.59) | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.14) |
| Acute pulmonary edema | ||||||||||
| % | 1.8 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 1.5 | — |
| Unadjusted OR | — | Ref. | 1.72 (1.18 to 2.49) | 1.15 (0.78 to 1.70) | 1.21 (0.83 to 1.77) | 1.46 (1.01 to 2.12) | 1.53 (1.07 to 2.20) | 1.82 (1.28 to 2.58) | 1.17 (0.80 to 1.71) | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.07) |
| Adjusted OR | — | Ref. | 1.59 (1.02 to 2.46) | 0.89 (0.54 to 1.46) | 1.19 (0.77 to 1.85) | 1.41 (0.92 to 2.17) | 1.54 (1.02 to 2.34) | 1.94 (1.30 to 2.89) | 0.92 (0.58 to 1.45) | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.08) |
| Thromboembolism | ||||||||||
| % | 6.6 | 5.6 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 8.3 | 5.7 | 7.9 | — |
| Unadjusted OR | — | Ref. | 1.22 (1.00 to 1.48) | 1.39 (1.15 to 1.67) | 0.93 (0.76 to 1.13) | 1.02 (0.84 to 1.24) | 1.51 (1.27 to 1.80) | 1.01 (0.84 to 1.22) | 1.43 (1.19 to 1.71) | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05) |
| Adjusted OR | — | Ref. | 0.93 (0.74 to 1.16) | 1.03 (0.83 to 1.29) | 0.75 (0.59 to 0.94) | 0.78 (0.63 to 0.98) | 1.06 (0.87 to 1.30) | 0.72 (0.58 to 0.89) | 0.99 (0.81 to 1.20) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) |
| AICD/PPM | ||||||||||
| % | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 4.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 3.7 | — |
| Unadjusted OR | — | Ref. | 1.01 (0.76 to 1.35) | 0.94 (0.71 to 1.25) | 0.84 (0.63 to 1.12) | 1.73 (1.34 to 2.23) | 0.96 (0.73 to 1.27) | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.23) | 1.40 (1.09 to 1.82) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.07) |
| Adjusted OR | — | Ref. | 1.09 (0.78 to 1.54) | 1.12 (0.80 to 1.56) | 0.86 (0.62 to 1.21) | 1.51 (1.12 to 2.05) | 0.83 (0.60 to 1.14) | 0.76 (0.55 to 1.04) | 1.20 (0.89 to 1.61) | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.03) |
| Cardiogenic shock | ||||||||||
| % | 2.6 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 4.0 | — |
| Unadjusted OR | — | Ref. | 2.00 (1.32 to 3.03) | 1.80 (1.19 to 2.72) | 2.50 (1.69 to 3.70) | 2.01 (1.35 to 3.02) | 4.06 (2.80 to 5.88) | 3.31 (2.27 to 4.82) | 4.30 (2.97 to 6.22) | 1.18 (1.14 to 1.22) |
| Adjusted OR | — | Ref. | 1.47 (0.90 to 2.41) | 1.01 (0.60 to 1.72) | 2.34 (1.50 to 3.66) | 1.53 (0.96 to 2.44) | 2.10 (1.37 to 3.21) | 2.24 (1.47 to 3.42) | 3.28 (2.17 to 4.96) | 1.16 (1.11 to 1.21) |
| LOS>3 days | ||||||||||
| % | 49.7 | 52.5 | 51.6 | 53.5 | 50.6 | 46.3 | 48.2 | 47.1 | 49.1 | — |
| Unadjusted OR | — | Ref. | 0.97 (0.98 to 1.06) | 1.04 (0.95 to 1.14) | 0.93 (0.85 to 1.01) | 0.78 (0.71 to 0.85) | 0.84 (0.77 to 0.92) | 0.81 (0.74 to 0.88) | 0.88 (0.80 to 0.96) | 0.97 (0.96 to 0.98) |
| Adjusted OR | — | Ref. | 0.87 (0.77 to 0.97) | 0.93 (0.83 to 1.04) | 0.82 (0.73 to 0.92) | 0.63 (0.56 to 0.70) | 0.68 (0.61 to 0.75) | 0.65 (0.58 to 0.72) | 0.72 (0.65 to 0.80) | 0.95 (0.94 to 0.96) |
Numbers in parenthesis represent 95% confidence interval (CI). LOS indicates length of stay; OR, odds ratio; PPM, permanent pacemaker.
*
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios per year and P values for trend were determined using logistic regression models evaluating calendar year as a continuous variable. Adjusted OR per year shown in italics indicate statistically significant temporal trend (Ptrend<0.05).