Table 5.

Representative methods from the literature for electrochemical precipitation of Ni(OH)₂ films onto electrically conducting substrates. Depositions are performed galvanostatically (at constant current), except where noted.

Ni(II) salt and reagents	conc. (mol L−1)	current density (mA cm−2)	deposition time min	temp. (°C)	substrate	product phase	comments	refs
Ni(NO3)2	0.1	-2.5	10	22	nickel sheet	α-Ni(OH)2	product contains NO${\hspace{0.17em}}_3^{-}$	[38]
Ni(NO3)2	0.005	-0.1	60	25	stainless steel sheet (316L)	α-Ni(OH)2	product contains NO${\hspace{0.17em}}_3^{-}$	[13]
							produces nanoparticles (approx. 5 nm)
Ni(NO3)2	0.005	-2.0	30	40	stainless steel sheet (316L)	β-Ni(OH)2	stacking fault disorder and very hydrated	[138]
							produces nanoparticles (approx. 100 nm)
NiCl2	0.1	-2.5	10	22	nickel sheet	α-Ni(OH)2	product contains Cl−	[38]
NiCl2	0.005	-1.0	—a	10	stainless steel sheet (316L)	β-Ni(OH)2	stacking fault disorder and very hydrated	[139]
							produces nanoparticles (less than 5 nm)
NiSO4	0.1	-2.5	2	22	nickel sheet	α-Ni(OH)2	very highly disordered material	[38]
							product contains SO${\hspace{0.17em}}_4^{2-}$
NiCl2	0.01	-1.0	12.5	70	graphite sheet	β-NixCo1−x(OH)2	x=0.32	[14]
CoCl2	0.02						product contains some α-phase material
NaNO3	0.06
Ni(NO3)2	0.3	-6.25	30	25	nickel sheet	α-Ni(OH)2	product is highly disordered	[35]
KNO2	0.1						unclear what the role KNO2 or KNO3 serve
KNO3	0.1
NiCl2	0.01	-1.0	12.5	70	graphite sheet	α-Ni(OH)2	NaNO3 is used to increase solution conductivity	[14]
NaNO3	0.06
Ni(NO3)2	1.8	−0.7 VbSCE	—	—	titanium sheet	α-Ni(OH)2	Mix Brij 56 and aqueous solution, 50% (w/w)	[140]
NaNO3	0.075						remove surfactant template at 100°C for 1.5 h
Brij 56	pure						hexagonal pore array, dp=2.5 nm, dp−p=7.0 nm
Ni(NO3)2	0.01	−1.1 VbAg/AgCl	1–100 s	25	boron-doped diamond	—	nanoparticle size determined by deposition time	[141]
							(1 s, d=12±3 nm; 15 s, d=39±9 nm)
							longer times result in agglomerates

^a ‘—’ Indicates experimental details that were not provided.

^bDeposition performed potentiostatically (at constant potential).