Table 1.
Sample demographics.
| Controls | Cognitively Impaired | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | Caucasian | Chinese | Caucasian | ||
| Age | F (2,276) = 23.05*†¥ | 60 (9.4) | 67.7 (8.6) | 73.8 (10.2) | 70.7 (9.5) |
| Education (yrs) | F (2,276) = 22.8*¥ | 15.7 (3.3) | 15.8 (2.4) | 11.7 (5.7) | 16 (2.4) |
| Gender (% male) | χ2 = 6 (NS) | 31% | 27% | 41% | 46% |
| Diagnosis | χ2 = 280* | 100% Normal | 100% Normal | 53% MCI 47% AD |
53% MCI 47% AD |
| Language | χ2 = 251* | 10% English Only 44% Bilingual 46% Chinese Only |
- | 10% English Only 19% Bilingual 71% Chinese Only |
- |
| MMSE Score | F (2,273) = 23.2* | 28.9 (1.2) | 29.5 (6.1) | 22.9 (6.1) | 23.8 (7.5) |
| CDR Score | F (2,268) = 42.1* | 0 | 0 | 0.67 (0.47) | 0.76 (0.74) |
| Depression prevalence (GDS ≥ 6) | χ2 = 33.8*¥ | 6% | 0% | 35% | 15% |
| Antidepressant use | χ2 = 41*¥ | 4% Yes 96% No |
4% Yes 96% No |
12% Yes 88% No |
37% Yes 63% No |
| Prevalence Hypertension | χ2 = 5.8 (NS) | 35% Yes 65% No |
40% Yes 60% No |
52% Yes 48% No |
37% Yes 63% No |
| Prevalence Diabetes | χ2 = 21*¥ | 13% Yes 87% No |
4% Yes 96% No |
22% Yes 78% No |
2% Yes 98% No |
| Prevalence Hyperlipidemia | χ2 = 2.4 (NS) | 35% Yes 65% No |
44% Yes 56% No |
49% Yes 51% No |
44% Yes 56% No |
| History Myocardial Infarct | χ2 = 3 (NS) | 0% Yes 100% No |
0% Yes 100% No |
3% Yes 97% No |
2% Yes 98% No |
| History Stroke | χ2 = 7 (NS) | 2% Yes 98% No |
0% Yes 100% No |
8% Yes 92% No |
2% Yes 98% No |
*
= Significant across four groups (ANOVA or χ2)
†
= Significantly different in Normal Chinese vs. Normal Caucasian
¥
= Significantly different in Impaired Chinese vs. Impaired Caucasian
Sample Demographics are provided for control and cognitively impaired individuals by ethnicity. Test statistics (F statistic for ANOVA or χ2) are provided along with significance across groups as indicated by symbols (p < 0.05).“NS” means there were no significant differences between or across groups.