Knockout of the CatB gene, but not BACE1, in AβPPWT/Lon mice reduces brain amyloid plaque load. Amyloid plaque load was determined by immunohistochemisry and image analysis of brain sections from AβPPWT/Lon (control), AβPPWT/Lon × CatB KO (CatB KO), and AβPPWT/Lon × BACE1 KO (BACE1 KO) mice as shown in Panels A, B, and C, respectively. Arrows indicate amyloid plaque deposits (Panels A and C). Quantiation showed that AβPPWT/Lon, AβPPWT/Lon × CatB KO, and AβPPWT/Lon × BACE1 KO mice had mean percent amyloid plaque loads of 2.3%, 0.5%, and 2.5% of brain area, respectively (Panel D). (n = 10 per group, Values are expressed as x ± s.e.m., ***statistically significant with p < 0.05).