A, Lifespan of wild type N2 animals exposed to water (Ctrl), 10 mM, 20 mM, or 30mM MnCl2 beginning as young adults. 20 mM and 30 mM MnCl2 significantly shortens lifespan compared to controls. (p<0.0001, Log Rank Mantel-Cox) B, Metallomic ICP-AES analysis in day 1 wild type N2 young adult animals exposed to 10 mM, 20 mM, or 30 mM MnCl2 for 24 hours, compared to untreated water controls. (*=p<0.03, #=p<0.01, Student's t-test compared to untreated controls) C, Wild type N2 day 1 or day 10 adult worms were exposed to 20 mM MnCl2 and scored for lethality 48 hours later. Deaths were normalized the number of deaths in age-matched untreated controls. (*=p<0.05, Student's test)