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. 2015 Jan 20;6:5938. doi: 10.1038/ncomms6938

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A macro-pulse of electron bunches is generated in a normal conducting photoinjector. Superconducting modules accelerate the bunches up to 1.25 GeV. Each bunch is compressed at intermediate energies of 150 and 450 MeV in magnetic chicanes. The arrival times of the electron bunches are measured with respect to the master laser oscillator after each compression stage and final acceleration (measurement stations indicated by orange dots in the schematic). The arrival times are incorporated in the feedback control loops for the amplitude and phase of the accelerating fields. The stabilized relativistic electron bunches are used to generate the SASE FEL pulses. Experiments can be carried out in conjunction with an external optical laser, which is synchronized to the master laser oscillator.