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. 2014 Jul 28;66(8):2234–2245. doi: 10.1002/art.38674

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© 2014 The Authors. Arthritis & Rheumatology is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Rheumatology.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is key to UC-MSC–mediated inhibition of lupus T cell proliferation. A, T cell receptor–treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with active SLE (sPBMC) stimulate significant up-regulation of IDO gene expression by UC-MSCs. B, Levels of kynurenine in supernatant are increased in the presence of PBMCs from SLE patients. C, IDO protein levels produced by UC-MSCs are increased in the presence of PBMCs from SLE patients, as shown by Western blot analysis. Results are representative of 3 separate experiments. D, Treatment with 1-methyl-dl-tryptophan (DL-MT) (0.4 μM) significantly blocks UC-MSC–mediated inhibition of CD4+ T cell proliferation. Bars in A, B, and D show the mean ± SEM (n = 5 per group in A, 5 per group in B, and 4 per group in D). ∗ = P < 0.05; ∗∗ = P < 0.01, by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test. hPBMC = healthy control PBMCs (see Figure 1 for other definitions).