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. 2014 Jul 28;66(8):2234–2245. doi: 10.1002/art.38674

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© 2014 The Authors. Arthritis & Rheumatology is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Rheumatology.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Lupus CD8+ T cells promote indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity in UC-MSCs. A, The CD8+ T cell subset from patients with active SLE is the most important factor involved in enhancing IDO mRNA expression in UC-MSCs. B, Supernatant kynurenine levels are increased in the presence of SLE CD8+ T cells, as assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. C, Up-regulation of IDO mRNA expression in UC-MSCs is not dependent upon cell–cell contact. Bars show the mean ± SEM (n = 7 per group in A, 7 per group in B, and 4 per group in C). ∗∗∗ = P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test. NS = not significant (see Figure 1 for other definitions).