Table 1.
Basic demographics, restricted to individuals with HbA1c measured within 1 month prior to drug initiation. Due to large cohort size, most differences between groups are statistically significant
| Metformin (SD) | Metformin on PPI (SD) | S.Diff | PPI (SD) | S. Diff. | PPI on Metformin (SD) | S. Diff. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 30954 | 3618 | 1396 | 801 | |||||||
| Age (years) | 60 | 13 | 65 | 12 | 0.37 | 67 | 13 | 0.51 | 66 | 12 | 0.42 |
| Female gender | 41% | 49% | 0.15 | 47% | 0.11 | 51% | 0.19 | ||||
| Year | 2007 | 2.42 | 2008 | 2.32 | 0.23 | 2008 | 2.31 | 0.11 | 2008 | 2.15 | 0.35 |
| Baseline BMI (kg m−2) | 32.2 | 6.40 | 32.6 | 6.07 | 0.06 | 30.2 | 6.28 | 0.32 | 30.9 | 6.27 | 0.20 |
| Baseline HbA1c (%) | 8.94 | 2.05 | 8.70 | 1.88 | 0.12 | 6.83 | 1.35 | 1.03 | 7.10 | 1.09 | 0.90 |
| Statin | 46% | 67% | 0.42 | 46% | 0.00 | 80% | 0.69 | ||||
| Calcium channel blocker | 21% | 32% | 0.27 | 25% | 0.09 | 35% | 0.33 | ||||
| β-adrenoceptor blocker | 21% | 35% | 0.34 | 23% | 0.05 | 27% | 0.15 | ||||
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-angiotensin receptor blocker | 39% | 55% | 0.31 | 42% | 0.04 | 69% | 0.60 | ||||
| Thiazide | 20% | 24% | 0.12 | 18% | 0.05 | 24% | 0.11 | ||||
| Steroid | 4% | 13% | 0.40 | 7% | 0.15 | 8% | 0.18 | ||||
| Antipsychotic | 2% | 4% | 0.16 | 2% | 0.02 | 2% | 0.01 | ||||
SD, standard deviation; S.Diff, standardized difference relative to metformin (difference in means between groups divided by pooled SD).