Table 4.

Unadjusted and adjusted changes in serum glucose (mg dl^–1) by cohort (for age, gender, baseline glucose, baseline BMI, year of treatment initiation, and both incident and baseline use of calcium channel blockers, β-adrenoceptor blockers, ACE inhibitors and ARBs, thiazides, β-adrenoceptor blockers, antipsychotics, and steroids)

	Baseline	95% CI		3–9 month post	95% CI		Crude difference	95% CI		P value	Adjusted difference	95% CI
Metformin	248	246	250	180	179	182	−68	−69	−66	<0.001	−67	−69	−64
Metformin on PPI	241	236	247	174	171	178	−67	−72	−62	<0.001	−69	−73	−64
PPI	138	135	141	134	131	137	−4	−7	−1	0.004	1	−7	8
PPI on metformin	155	145	166	159	147	172	4	−9	16	0.16	18	−8	45