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. 2015 Jan 28;10(1):e0117027. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117027

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© 2015 van der Post et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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A: Invasion simulation showing a selected non-vigilant genotype (orange) invading a population of a selected vigilant genotype (blue), after which both types co-exist. The non-vigilant genotype has a stronger grouping tendency and this enables it to coexist with the vigilant genotype. Co-existence ends when non-vigilant foragers are prevented from fleeing when vigilant foragers flee (after dashed line). Parameters for vigilant and non-vigilant foragers were taken from year 330 in the simulation of Fig. 2B. B: Average group size in vigilant (blue) and non-vigilant foragers (orange), using the same genotypes as in A, decline as population size declines. We used simulations in which population size and the ratio of vigilant and non-vigilant foragers was fixed. A greater proportion of non-vigilant foragers (dashed lines) leads to larger groups sizes since non-vigilant foragers have stronger grouping tendencies.