Cycling hypoxia amplifies THP-1 monocyte adhesion on HUVEC induced by TNFα. EAhy926 cells were exposed to N, chH, or cyH with or without TNFα (0.1ng/ml) for 6 hours. Directly after the incubation, calcein-labeled THP-1 monocytes were added on HUVEC for 1 hour. Endothelial cells were then rinsed to remove nonadherent monocytes. Results are expressed as the percentage of THP-1 monocyte adhesion (n= 3, mean ± 1 SD). Fluorescence from 600,000 calcein-labeled THP-1 monocytes was used to determine 100%. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak test as post hoc test. * chH/cyH versus corresponding N, $ cyH versus corresponding chH, # TNFα versus corresponding control. $, P < .05; ** P < .01; ***, ###, P < .001.