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. 2015 Jan 22;8:29–47. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S76045

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© 2015 Dey and Bishayi. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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levels of (A) interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and (B) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the supernatants collected from Staphylococcus aureus-infected macrophages in the presence or absence of chloroquine (CQ) or antibiotics were determined utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Notes: Results from triplicate experiments are presented. *significant difference with respect to CM; ^#significant difference with respect to SAM; ^{^}significant difference with respect to CQ plus S. aureus-infected macrophages at the P<0.05 level of significance; ^$significant difference with respect to either ciprofloxacin (CIP) or azithromycin (AZM) plus S. aureus-infected macrophages.

Abbreviations: CM, control macrophages; CQ + SAM, chloroquine-pretreated plus S. aureus-infected macrophages; CQ + SAM + AZM, chloroquine-pretreated macrophages infected with S. aureus and then treated with azithromycin; CQ + SAM + CIP, chloroquine-pretreated macrophages infected with S. aureus and then treated with ciprofloxacin; SAM, S. aureus-infected macrophages; SAM + AZM, S. aureus-infected macrophages treated with azithromycin; SAM + CIP, S. aureus-infected macrophages treated with ciprofloxacin.