Table 3.
Eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses in college and community-based samples of men and women
| Study | N | Sample Type |
Age | BMI | % at Risk | Method | Purging (Vomiting Laxatives Diet Pills) |
Binge Eating |
Frequency Criterion Used |
AN Diagnosis |
BN Diagnosis |
Combined ED Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-report | ||||||||||||
| Forney and Ward (2013) | 211 women 65 men |
College | 20.70 ± 1.40 | 22.42 ± 3.18 (women) 24.46 ± 3.68 (men) |
16.1% (women) 8.5% (men) |
Self-report survey |
– | – | – | – | – | – |
| Heatherton et al. (1997) | 509 women 206 men |
10-year follow-up of college sample |
30 ± 2 | <10% of sample overweight or obese |
– | Self-report survey |
1.3%, 0.6%, 1.3% (women: vomiting, laxatives, diet pills) 0.5%, 0%, 0% (men: vomiting, laxatives, diet pills) |
12% (women) 9.9% (men) |
Current use |
– | – | – |
| Johnson et al. (1999) | 562 women 883 men |
Collegiate athletes |
19.9 | 21.1 (women) 25.7 (men) ∼12% BMI ≥ 30 |
25–58% (women) 9.5–38% (men) |
Self-report survey |
5.2% (women) 2.04% (men) |
8.36% (women) 8.6% (men) *loss of control not included |
≥1 x per week over past 3 months |
0% (women and men) |
1.1% (women) 0% (men) |
– |
| Keel and Heatherton (2010) | 968 women 369 men |
10-year follow-up of college sample |
30 ± 2 | 22.45 ± 3.61 (women) 24.44 ± 2.88 (men) |
– | Self-report survey |
– | – | – | – | 5% (women) 3% (men) |
|
| Keel et al. (2006) | 548 women 244 men |
College | 20 ± 1.6 | 22.5 ± 3.1 | – | Self-report survey |
4.3% (women) 0% (men) |
14.8% (women) 3.8% (men) |
Current use |
– | – | 11.7% (women) 1.8% (men) |
| Klemchuk et al. (1990) | 1,506 women |
College | 17–31 | Not reported | 10.1% | Self-report survey |
– | – | – | – | – | – |
| Weighted averages across studies |
– | – | – | – | 22.47% (women) 35.86% (men) |
– | 4.2% (women) |
11.67% (women) |
– | – | – | 7.39% (women) |
| 1.43% (men) |
7.88% (men) |
2.45% (men) |
||||||||||
| Medical records data |
||||||||||||
| Striegel-Moore et al. (2008) | 101,130 women 93,628 men |
Medical records data |
18–55 | Not reported | – | ICD-9 | – | – | – | 0.02% (women) |
0.07% (women) |
0.32% (women) |
| 0.02% (men) |
Note. AN = anorexia nervosa; BMI = body mass index; BN = bulimia nervosa; ED = eating disorder. Frequency criterion used refers to the specific criterion used by each study for endorsement of disordered eating behaviors. *Loss of control criterion for binge eating was not assessed/included in definition of binge eating in this sample.