. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Lang Cogn Neurosci. 2014 May 14;30(3):238–250. doi: 10.1080/23273798.2014.918630

Table 1.

Background Measures by Age and Language Group (Standard Deviations in Brackets).

	N	Age	English Vocabulary	Non-Verbal IQ
7-year-olds
Monolingual	16	7.7 (0.3)	108.7 (12.8)^a	103.0 (12.9)^c
Bilingual	23	7.7 (0.4)	105.6 (11.6)^a	106.9 (15.6)^c
10-year-olds
Monolingual	22	10.6 (0.5)	107.4 (10.5)^{a, e}	97.0 (11.3)^c
Bilingual	23	10.6 (0.4)	97.0 (12.7)^{a, e}	99.3 (9.5)^c
Younger Adults
Monolingual	20	20.7 (1.3)	106.4 (4.0)^a	119.9 (12.3)^d
Bilingual	20	21.1 (1.3)	107.5 (3.5)^a	113.1 (10.9)^d
Older Adults
Monolingual	20	70.9 (2.6)	107.8 (6.1)^b	-
Bilingual	21	71.1 (3.8)	104.3(11.3)^b	-

Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III

Shipley I (Normed based on the Shipley-II)

Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices

Cattell Culture Fair Test

Monolinguals > Bilinguals