Table 1.
Morphological data for the mothers and fetuses (mean ± SEM) at census date and then for those allocated to the liver and plasma cysteine and homocysteine analyses populations
| Population | Characteristic | Male fetuses | Female fetuses | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Smoke-exposed | Control | Smoke-exposed | ||
| Whole population at census date | N | 57 | 66 | 49 | 56 |
| Maternal indices | Age (years) | 24 ± 1 | 25 ± 1 | 24 ± 1 | 24 ± 1 |
| Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) | 25 ± 1 | 25 ± 1 | 24 ± 1 | 25 ± 1 | |
| Cigarettes/day | 0 | 11 ± 1 | 0 | 12 ± 1 | |
| Fetal indices | Age (weeks) | 14.5 ± 0.3 | 15.1 ± 0.3 | 14.9 ± 0.3 | 14.9 ± 0.3 |
| Weight (g) | 73 ± 10a | 95 ± 9b | 87 ± 11 | 92 ± 12 | |
| Crown-rump length (CRL, mm) | 94 ± 4a | 106 ± 4b | 101 ± 4 | 102 ± 4 | |
| Ponderal index (weight g/[CRL cm3]) | 0.067 ± 0.002 | 0.067 ± 0.002 | 0.069 ± 0.003 | 0.067 ± 0.002 | |
| Plasma cotinine (ng/mL) | 3 ± 1a | 40 ± 2b | 4 ± 1a | 43 ± 2b | |
| Sub-population: methylation and metal | N | 14 | 16 | 14 | 11 |
| Maternal indices | Age (years) | 21 ± 1 | 26 ± 2 | 25 ± 1 | 26 ± 2 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25 ± 2 | 26 ± 1 | 24 ± 1 | 25 ± 2 | |
| Cigarettes/day | 0 | 16 ± 2 | 0 | 16 ± 2 | |
| Fetal indices | Age (weeks) | 14.0 ± 0.6 | 14.3 ± 0.4 | 15.3 ± 0.7 | 15.8 ± 0.9 |
| Weight (g) | 62 ± 18 | 74 ± 14 | 100 ± 20 | 151 ± 34 | |
| CRL (mm) | 93 ± 8 | 97 ± 6 | 103 ± 8 | 121 ± 9 | |
| Ponderal index (weight g/[CRL cm3]) | 0.063 ± 0.004 | 0.070 ± 0.003 | 0.080 ± 0.007 | 0.071 ± 0.003 | |
| Plasma cotinine (ng/mL) | 3 ± 1a | 44 ± 3b | 3 ± 1a | 48 ± 3b | |
| Sub-population: plasma cysteine and homocysteine | N | 14 | 17 | 13 | 16 |
| Maternal indices | Age (years) | 25 ± 2 | 24 ± 1 | 24 ± 2 | 24 ± 1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26 ± 2 | 25 ± 2 | 24 ± 1 | 24 ± 1 | |
| Cigarettes/day | 0 | 13 ± 1 | 0 | 11 ± 1 | |
| Fetal indices | Age (weeks) | 15.2 ± 0.7 | 14.9 ± 0.6 | 15.6 ± 0.7 | 15.4 ± 0.6 |
| Weight (g) | 102 ± 24 | 89 ± 18 | 105 ± 21 | 101 ± 19 | |
| CRL (mm) | 108 ± 8 | 105 ± 7 | 109 ± 8 | 121 ± 9 | |
| Ponderal index (weight g/[CRL cm3]) | 0.074 ± 0.005 | 0.064 ± 0.002 | 0.065 ± 0.003 | 0.065 ± 0.003 | |
| Plasma cotinine (ng/mL) | 5 ± 1a | 44 ± 3b | 4 ± 3a | 41 ± 3b | |
a,bValues in the same row that do not share a superscript letter are significantly different (P <0.05) due to maternal cigarette smoking. Absence of superscript letters indicates no significant differences.