Table 1. Individual and Occupational Risk Factors Associated With Low Back Pain Among Nurses a,b.
| Risk factors | ALBP ( n = 576) | CLBP (n = 364) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | P value | No. (%) | P value | |
| Exposure to physical violence | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 355 (40.71) | 221 (25.34) | ||
| Yes | 221 (59.09) | 143 (38.23) | ||
| Past history of low back pain | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 341 (41.23) | 126 (15.20) | ||
| Yes | 235 (56.22) | 238 (57.07) | ||
| Age | 0.117 | 0.081 | ||
| < 30 Years | 113 (49.56) | 57 (25.00) | ||
| 30-39 Years | 284 (42.20) | 163 (24.22) | ||
| ≥40 Years | 179 (51.88) | 144 (41.74) | ||
| Sex | 0.006 | 0.001 | ||
| Male | 310 (53.82) | 217 (37.67) | ||
| Female | 266 (39.70) | 147 (21.94) | ||
| Marriage | 0.388 | 0.075 | ||
| No | 157 (44.60) | 99 (28.13) | ||
| Yes | 419 (46.86) | 265 (29.64) | ||
| Having night shift | 0.084 | 0.072 | ||
| No | 129 (47.42) | 87 (31.98) | ||
| Yes | 447 (45.89) | 277 (28.44) | ||
| Frequent bending | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 98 (28.65) | 50 (14.62) | ||
| Yes | 478 (52.88) | 314 (34.73) | ||
| Frequent carrying patients | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 166 (33.33) | 86 (17.27) | ||
| Yes | 410 (54.81) | 278(37.16) | ||
| Frequent torso twisting | 0.001 | 0.042 | ||
| No | 271 (40.21) | 173 (25.67) | ||
| Yes | 305 (53.32) | 191 (33.39) | ||
| Frequent prolong standing | 0.033 | 0.017 | ||
| No | 93 (32.75) | 51 (17.96) | ||
| Yes | 483 (50.20) | 313 (32.54) | ||
| Regular exercise | 0.067 | 0.110 | ||
| No | 275 (45.15) | 168 (27.58) | ||
| Yes | 301 (47.25) | 196 (30.77) | ||
| Smoking | 0.122 | 0.082 | ||
| No | 521 (46.18) | 334 (29.60) | ||
| Yes | 55 (46.61) | 30 (25.42) | ||
a Abbreviations: ALBP; acute low back pain, CLBP; chronic low back pain.
b Data are presented as No. (%).