Skip to main content
. 2014 Dec 6;11:146. doi: 10.1186/s12966-014-0146-4

Table 3.

Association of park proximity and park facilities with park use by socio-demographic characteristics

Park variable Full sample Gender Income Race Age
Males Females Low income Medium income High income White Black 18-39 years 40-59 years 60+ years
OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI
Closest park
Less than ½ mile 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
½ mile to 1 mile 0.60 0.41-0.87 0.84 0.45-1.58 0.49 0.30-0.80 0.42 0.19-0.94 0.83 0.49-1.42 0.37 0.16-0.85 0.63 0.40-1.01 0.43 0.18-1.05 0.40 0.19-0.81 0.88 0.478-1.63 0.46 0.21-0.99
More than 1 mile 0.54 0.31-0.93 0.73 0.29-1.88 0.48 0.23-0.98 0.16 0.03-0.85 0.92 0.43-1.96 0.38 0.12-1.18 0.51 0.27-0.95 0.12 0.01-2.36 0.60 0.21-0.81 0.389 0.15-1.00 0.75 0.28-2.03
Number of parks
0 parks 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
1 park 0.82 0.45-1.46 0.74 0.29-1.90 0.82 0.38-1.76 2.59 0.46-14.48 0.73 0.33-1.59 0.45 0.14-1.49 0.69 0.36-1.40 5.58 0.29-105.85 0.54 0.18-1.63 1.36 0.51-3.60 0.54 0.19-1.54
2 parks 1.56 0.86-2.86 1.41 0.51-3.91 1.54 0.70-3.36 4.52 0.77-26.66 0.85 0.37-1.92 3.55 0.94-13.49 2.11 1.07-4.18 2.68 0.13-57.14 0.95 0.32-2.82 2.48 0.90-6.80 1.53 0.50-4.76
3 or more parks 2.31 1.30-4.10 2.10 0.80-5.49 2.32 1.09-4.95 5.53 0.98-31.30 1.46 0.67-3.20 5.03 1.40-18.09 3.13 1.58-6.22 8.01 0.43-149.26 1.96 0.70-5.53 5.12 1.89-13.91 1.20 0.41-3.54
Park space
0 acres 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.1-19.9 acres 1.10 0.63-1.93 0.86 0.34-2.17 1.19 0.56-2.51 6.76 0.61-74.50 0.95 0.44-2.04 0.67 0.21-2.14 1.00 0.52-1.92 3.56 0.21-60.64 0.75 0.25-2.21 1.60 0.61-4.19 0.72 0.26-2.06
20-49.9 acres 2.18 1.22-3.87 1.57 0.58-4.26 2.63 1.23-5.65 14.70 1.33-161.92 1.39 0.64-3.01 4.00 0.95-16.87 2.81 1.42-5.56 5.61 0.32-97.83 1.81 0.66-4.99 2.27 0.84-6.17 1.92 0.67-5.51
50 or more acres 2.47 1.38-4.44 1.70 0.64-4.55 2.84 1.31-6.17 35.39 3.24-386.61 0.99 0.44-2.22 3.22 0.87-11.86 2.54 1.26-5.10 17.46 1.07-286.00 1.72 0.61-4.87 5.29 1.81-15.45 1.14 0.36-3.55
Park facilities1
Playground 1.98 1.32-2.97 1.52 0.77-2.97 2.30 1.36-3.90 2.90 1.07-7.88 1.43 0.82-2.47 3.35 1.34-8.34 2.34 1.44-3.81 3.19 1.01-10.14 2.37 1.13-4.97 2.25 0.95-5.35 1.48 0.68-3.23
Sports Field 1.05 0.70-1.58 0.72 0.37-1.39 1.23 0.71-2.13 0.85 0.38-1.87 1.24 0.68-2.25 0.96 0.37-2.45 1.49 0.90-2.48 0.82 0.26-2.57 1.37 0.61-3.07 1.98 0.90-4.37 0.64 0.26-1.61
Baseball field 1.73 1.20-2.50 1.27 0.70-2.30 2.01 1.22-3.30 5.31 1.79-15.78 1.11 0.68-1.82 2.36 1.08-5.14 1.95 1.26-3.02 6.03 1.74-20.84 0.99 0.51-1.92 2.41 1.11-5.24 0.97 0.48-1.98
Swimming pool 1.26 0.76-2.08 1.66 0.72-3.83 1.04 0.54-2.03 1.24 0.45-3.40 1.41 0.68-2.91 1.18 0.40-3.49 1.14 0.59-2.21 1.84 0.66-5.12 0.83 0.35-1.95 2.74 1.01-7.49 1.57 0.60-4.07
Splash pad 2.07 1.29-3.33 2.59 1.19-5.65 1.80 0.97-3.36 2.26 0.93-5.50 1.48 0.75-2.92 4.54 1.46-14.10 2.80 1.43-5.47 1.72 0.65-4.52 2.06 0.89-4.80 2.67 1.01-7.01 2.41 0.92-6.31
Basketball court 1.69 1.17-2.44 1.96 1.08-3.54 1.49 0.92-2.42 2.00 0.89-4.52 1.51 0.91-2.50 1.94 0.85-4.45 1.98 1.24-3.15 3.01 1.22-7.44 1.34 0.65-2.77 2.17 1.05-4.49 1.52 0.75-3.11
Tennis court 1.78 1.23-2.57 1.98 1.09-3.57 1.64 1.01-2.68 2.11 0.98-4.55 1.41 0.84-2.37 2.70 1.25-5.82 2.20 1.39-3.49 2.12 0.91-4.93 1.41 0.70-2.83 1.71 0.83-3.52 1.66 0.80-3.47
Volleyball court 2.42 0.96-6.11 2.71 0.58-12.74 2.09 0.61-7.18 8.49 0.76-95.41 2.24 0.71-7.08 1.26 0.20-7.89 3.03 1.12-8.17 0.00 0.00-0.00 6.38 0.65-62.54 0.25 0.05-1.16 2n/a 2n/a
Trail 1.65 1.13-2.40 1.24 0.66-2.35 1.88 1.16-3.03 1.78 0.77-4.12 1.25 0.74-2.10 3.17 1.42-7.08 2.07 1.30-3.28 1.24 0.50-3.06 2.08 1.03-4.19 1.30 0.61-2.75 1.02 0.50-2.08
Fitness station 7.92 3.05-20.57 18.34 2.47-136.18 5.08 1.61-16.07 2n/a 2n/a 5.66 1.65-19.45 7.92 1.63-38.48 9.88 3.15-30.99 0.00 0.00-0.00 21.34 2.43-187.71 2.04 0.39-10.74 3.20 0.57-17.96
Skate park 5.25 2.43-11.31 11.92 2.60-54.72 3.40 1.33-8.65 2n/a 2n/a 3.56 1.40-9.08 6.43 1.35-30.63 6.10 2.46-15.15 0.00 0.00-0.00 8.31 2.15-32.09 1.20 0.24-5.92 3.21 0.69-14.86
Dog park 1.48 0.56-3.93 1.55 0.32-7.46 1.42 0.38-5.25 2n/a 2n/a 1.20 0.40-3.54 2.88 0.10-82.90 1.93 0.54-6.97 0.34 0.05-2.39 1.25 0.21-7.30 0.74 0.07-7.57 0.83 0.07-9.87
Green space 1.43 0.86-2.36 1.12 0.48-2.58 1.54 0.79-2.98 4.79 0.98-23.56 0.93 0.47-1.83 1.60 0.57-4.49 1.55 0.87-2.77 3.22 0.44-23.71 1.33 0.54-3.25 1.87 0.65-5.38 0.94 0.37-2.37
Lake 1.72 1.15-2.58 2.00 1.05-3.82 1.54 0.91-2.62 2.49 1.00-6.20 1.28 0.73-2.23 2.41 1.00-5.82 1.80 1.11-2.92 1.44 0.51-4.11 2.70 1.20-6.08 2.07 0.90-4.80 1.07 0.44-2.63

Bolded odds ratios and confidence intervals indicate associations that were significant at p < .05.

1The reference group for all park facilities analyses was those participants who did not have the specific facility within a park within 1 mile from home.

2n/a – Odds ratio could not be calculated because the specified facility was too uncommon within 1 mile of parks for participants in the specified demographic group.