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. 2014 Dec 6;11:146. doi: 10.1186/s12966-014-0146-4

Table 4.

Association of park proximity and park facilities with park-based physical activity by socio-demographic characteristics

Park variable Full sample Gender Income Race Age
Males Females Low income Medium income High income White Black 18-39 years 40-59 years 60+ years
OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI
Closest Park
Less than ½ mile 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
½ mile to 1 mile 0.72 0.45-1.16 0.79 0.37-1.70 0.71 0.37-1.34 0.57 0.19-1.72 0.88 0.44-1.75 0.53 0.19-1.50 0.66 0.37-1.19 0.48 0.15-1.53 0.67 0.29-1.58 1.06 0.49-2.29 0.41 0.14-1.18
More than 1 mile 0.50 0.25-0.99 0.51 0.19-1.40 0.49 0.19-1.28 0.91 0.17-4.90 0.33 0.13-0.84 0.81 0.22-3.00 0.47 0.22-1.00 0.41 0.05-3.34 0.48 0.16-1.49 0.47 0.14-1.57 0.61 0.16-2.32
Number of Parks
0 parks 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
1 park 0.97 0.46-2.04 1.45 0.48-4.38 0.73 0.26-2.04 0.29 0.04-2.30 2.62 0.93-7.40 0.25 0.06-1.08 0.88 0.37-2.04 1.41 0.15-13.02 1.12 0.30-4.20 1.07 0.31-3.66 0.69 0.18-2.68
2 parks 2.29 1.06-4.95 2.03 0.66-6.26 2.82 0.95-8.37 1.85 0.25-13.68 3.00 1.04-8.67 1.97 0.42-9.37 2.56 1.10-5.97 1.86 0.18-19.67 3.31 0.82-13.32 3.88 1.08-13.98 0.61 0.10-3.74
3 or more parks 2.53 1.21-5.31 2.85 0.93-8.80 2.69 0.95-7.63 1.02 0.15-6.97 3.39 1.22-9.41 3.25 0.64-16.49 3.07 1.30-7.26 2.49 0.28-22.43 3.02 0.9-10.12 3.75 1.06-13.20 1.28 0.29-5.59
Park Space
0 acres 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.1-19.9 acres 0.96 0.47-1.98 1.02 0.35-2.97 0.93 0.34-2.52 0.15 0.01-1.56 2.38 0.88-6.45 0.34 0.08-1.40 0.91 0.40-2.05 0.96 0.10-9.46 0.95 0.25-3.51 1.15 0.33-4.03 0.61 0.16-2.43
20-49.9 acres 2.15 1.03-4.48 2.31 0.79-6.78 2.10 0.74-5.96 0.78 0.12-5.26 3.48 1.26-9.41 1.30 0.28-5.96 2.82 1.21-6.57 1.97 0.20-19.85 2.98 0.85-10.51 2.15 0.62-7.40 1.69 0.36-7.91
50 or more acres 2.13 1.03-4.42 1.49 0.50-4.47 3.00 1.06-8.52 1.66 0.32-8.62 2.58 0.94-7.12 1.93 0.38-9.96 1.84 0.78-4.34 3.39 0.36-32.16 1.73 0.51-5.83 4.87 1.32-17.98 0.65 0.13-3.30
Park Facilities1
Playground 2.34 1.41-3.90 1.53 0.71-3.29 3.43 1.63-6.88 1.74 0.43-7.05 2.41 1.21-4.80 2.22 0.76-6.49 2.45 1.33-4.51 3.27 0.83-12.85 2.37 1.13-4.97 2.01 1.05-3.86 1.48 0.68-3.23
Sports Field 1.32 0.79-2.20 1.12 0.50-2.54 1.47 0.73-2.97 0.62 0.20-1.88 2.38 1.15-4.91 0.67 0.16-2.89 1.52 0.77-3.00 1.00 0.27-3.72 1.37 0.61-3.07 1.15 0.60-2.20 0.64 0.26-1.61
Baseball Field 1.36 0.86-2.15 0.97 0.47-2.01 1.77 0.92-3.41 1.19 0.31-4.55 1.13 0.62-2.07 2.10 0.77-5.74 1.37 0.79-2.38 1.88 0.48-7.38 0.99 0.51-1.92 3.93 2.10-7.33 0.97 0.48-1.98
Swimming Pool 1.77 1.00-3.16 1.87 0.77-4.53 1.74 0.79-3.86 0.93 0.27-3.20 2.05 0.86-4.88 4.88 1.11-21.51 1.68 0.79-3.58 2.89 0.73-11.54 0.83 0.35-1.95 2.08 0.82-5.26 1.57 0.60-4.07
Splash Pad 2.01 1.18-3.42 1.88 0.74-4.80 2.34 1.16-4.70 0.97 0.32-2.96 1.63 0.73-3.63 23.77 1.99-283.52 3.07 1.50-6.26 1.46 0.47-4.54 2.06 0.89-4.80 1.98 0.88-4.44 2.41 0.92-6.31
Basketball Court 1.97 1.24-3.14 2.43 1.18-5.01 1.71 0.90-3.24 1.13 0.39-3.34 1.91 1.01-3.62 3.12 1.02-9.54 1.63 0.92-2.88 5.25 1.42-19.42 1.34 0.65-2.77 2.31 1.30-4.13 1.52 0.75-3.11
Tennis Court 1.61 1.02-2.54 1.56 0.77-3.17 1.71 0.91-3.23 0.90 0.32-2.53 1.65 0.86-3.17 2.20 0.85-5.71 1.56 0.90-2.72 2.56 0.79-8.28 1.41 0.70-2.83 2.34 1.29-4.22 1.66 0.80-3.47
Volleyball Court 0.42 0.13-1.31 0.62 0.15-2.44 0.21 0.02-1.74 0.00 0.00-0.00 0.68 0.17-2.76 0.19 0.02-1.79 0.48 0.14-1.64 2n/a 2n/a 6.38 0.65-62.54 0.70 0.23-2.15 2n/a 2n/a
Trail 1.40 0.88-2.22 0.89 0.44-1.80 1.99 1.02-3.86 0.59 0.19-1.82 1.90 1.01-3.57 1.13 0.44-2.90 1.64 0.93-2.90 1.11 0.31-3.97 2.08 1.03-4.19 2.16 1.15-4.07 1.02 0.50-2.08
Fitness Station 3.56 1.50-8.45 2.87 0.82-10.07 5.20 1.57-17.22 2.69 0.44-16.44 5.51 1.16-26.23 4.67 0.99-22.05 6.22 2.02-19.17 2n/a 2n/a 21.34 2.43-187.71 2n/a 2n/a 3.20 0.57-17.96
Skate Park 2.47 1.15-5.31 2.35 0.69-7.98 2.74 0.97-7.71 4.24 0.66-27.14 2.35 0.75-7.39 2.50 0.52-12.07 3.73 1.37-10.15 6.19 0.51-76.00 8.31 2.15-32.09 6.75 0.72-63.39 3.21 0.69-14.86
Dog Park 0.64 0.19-2.19 0.71 0.08-6.48 0.55 0.11-2.69 2n/a 2n/a 0.46 0.10-2.14 0.32 0.02-4.92 1.17 0.24-5.85 2n/a 2n/a 1.25 0.21-7.30 1.91 0.30-12.19 0.83 0.07-9.87
Green Space 1.59 0.84-3.01 1.31 0.53-3.25 1.89 0.76-4.68 1.39 0.20-9.78 2.35 0.98-5.62 0.79 0.22-2.82 1.57 0.77-3.21 1.84 0.32-10.76 1.33 0.54-3.25 2.14 0.91-5.08 0.94 0.37-2.37
Lake 1.60 0.97-2.65 1.48 0.68-3.24 1.78 0.89-3.58 2.84 0.79-10.13 1.23 0.64-2.38 1.83 0.58-5.84 1.83 0.98-3.40 0.98 0.31-3.10 2.70 1.20-6.08 1.79 0.92-3.47 1.07 0.44-2.63

Bolded odds ratios and confidence intervals indicate associations that were significant at p < .05.

1The reference group for all park facilities analyses was those participants who did not have the specific facility within a park within 1 mile from home.

2n/a – Odds ratio could not be calculated because the specified facility was too uncommon within 1 mile of parks for participants in the specified demographic group.