Table 2.
Etiologies of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction
| Etiology | Underlying disorders | Mechanisms |
|---|---|---|
| Degenerative neuropathy | Shy-Drager syndrome | Altered Ca signaling |
| Diabetes mellitus | Mitochondrial dysfunction | |
| Parkinson’s disease | ||
| Immune mediated | Scleroderma | Antibody mediated neuron or smooth muscle involvement |
| Dermatomyositis | ||
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | ||
| Paraneoplastic | Small cell lung cancer | Antibody mediated inflammatory response and cellular infiltration |
| Carcinoid tumor | ||
| Infectious | Chagas disease | Inflammatory change of the enteric nerve system |
| Chronic JC virus infection | ||
| Radiation or chemotherapy induced | Post radiation or chemotherapy | Associated with treatments |
| Genetic | Hirschsprung disease | Associated with genetic abnormality of SOX10 |
| Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke like episodes (MELAS) | DNA polymerase γ | |
| Filamin A | ||
| Myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged red fibers (MERRF) | L1 cell adhesion molecule | |
| Thymidine phosphorylase | ||
| PTEN | ||
| RNA binding protein for multiple splicing 2 (RBPMS2) |