Table S1.
Associations between explanatory variables and health-related quality of life response variables
| Explanatory variables | EQ-5D index unadjusted | EQ-5D index adjusted | EQ-5D VAS unadjusted | EQ-5D VAS adjusted | CAT unadjusted | CAT adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (female) | −0.11 (−0.16 to−0.05) | −0.07 (−0.12 to−0.02) | −4.04 (−8.34 to 0.26) | −1.87 (−6.44 to 2.70) | 2.73(1.26 to 4.20) | 1.85 (0.32 to 3.38) |
| Age | −0.003 (−0.006 to −0.001) | −0.003 (−0.006 to 0.001) | −0.11 (−0.39 to 0.16) | −0.15 (−0.44 to 0.14) | −0.01 (−0.10 to 0.09) | 0.05 (−0.05 to 0.14) |
| Pack years | 0.000 (−0.001 to 0.002) | 0.000 (−0.001 to 0.002) | 0.01 (−0.11 to 0.13) | −0.02 (−0.14 to 0.10) | −0.01 (−0.05 to 0.03) | −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.03) |
| FEV1% pred | 0.007 (0.004 to 0.010) | 0.007 (0.004 to 0.010) | 0.67(0.43 to 0.91) | 0.64 (0.38 to 0.89) | −0.18 (−0.26 to −0.09) | −0.1 2 (−0.20 to −0.03) |
| BMI | ||||||
| <22 | −0.13 (−0.19 to −0.07) | −0.05 (−0.10 to 0.01) | −5.59 (−10.4 to −0.79) | −0.72 (−5.75 to 4.31) | 2.52 (0.87 to 4.17) | 0.93 (−0.76 to 2.62) |
| ≥22 to <30 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| ≥30 | −0.05 (−0.13 to 0.04) | −0.01 (−0.09 to 0.07) | −2.73 (−9.30 to 3.84) | −1.23 (−7.93 to 5.46) | 1.66 (−0.61 to 3.93) | 1.55 (−0.70 to 3.80) |
| Exacerbations in the past year | ||||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 | −0.05 (−0.12 to 0.02) | −0.02 (−0.09 to 0.04) | −2.39 (−8.08 to 3.29) | 0.11 (−5.62 to 5.84) | 1.13 (−0.80 to 3.06) | 0.56 (−1.36 to 2.48) |
| ≥2 | −0.20 (−0.26 to −0.14) | 0.13 (−0.19 to −0.07) | −7.23 (−12.0 to −2.47) | −2.48 (−7.38 to 2.43) | 4.15 (2.53 to 5.78) | 2.82(1.16 to 4.47) |
| Chronic bronchitis | −0.13 (−0.18 to −0.07) | −0.08 (−0.14 to −0.03) | −6.39 (−10.8 to −1.99) | −3.73 (−8.32 to 0.86) | 4.42 (2.95 to 5.89) | 3.67(2.13 to 5.20) |
| Cardiovascular disease | −0.07 (−0.13 to −0.02) | −0.03 (−0.09 to 0.02) | −1.27 (−5.64 to 3.10) | 1.47 (−3.11 to 6.05) | −0.22 (−1.74 to 1.29) | −0.65 (−2.19 to 0.89) |
| Diabetes | −0.05 (−0.14 to 0.04) | −0.05 (−0.13 to 0.04) | −6.55 (−13.4 to 0.33) | −5.42 (−12.5 to 1.64) | 0.03 (−2.37 to 2.43) | −0.08 (−2.45 to 2.29) |
| Renal impairment | −0.09 (−0.24 to 0.06) | −0.05 (−0.18 to 0.09) | −9.90 (−21.5 to 1.73) | −5.55 (−17.5 to 6.37) | 0.53 (−3.38 to 4.43) | 0.69 (−3.16 to 4.53) |
| Musculoskeletal symptoms | −0.14 (−0.21 to −0.08) | −0.07 (−0.13 to −0.01) | −4.14 (−9.12 to 0.85) | −1.61 (−6.77 to 3.56) | 2.34 (0.62 to 4.06) | 1.02 (−0.71 to 2.76) |
| Osteoporosis | −0.11 (−0.1 7 to −0.05) | −0.01 (−0.07 to 0.05) | −6.97 (−11.7 to −2.23) | −3.75 (−8.91 to 1.41) | 1.55 (−0.11 to 3.20) | −0.41 (−2.14 to 1.32) |
| Depression | −0.16 (−0.23 to −0.08) | −0.12 (−0.18 to −0.05) | −4.16 (−9.93 to 1.61) | −1.79 (−7.56 to 3.99) | 2.91 (0.94 to 4.88) | 1.75 (−0.17 to 3.67) |
Notes: Unadjusted and adjusted regression coefficients (95% confidence interval) for all explanatory variables included in the models. Numbers in bold denote statistically significant associations. On the basis of the full models (including all explanatory variables), stepwise regression was performed, creating the final models with remaining statistically significant associations reported in Table 2 in the main manuscript.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EQ-5D, Euroqol-5 dimension; FEV1% pred, FEV1 as a percentage of predicted value; VAS, visual analog scale.