Table 6.
Univariate Correlates of Quality of Life Change Between Baseline and 3‐Year Follow‐up
| Change in EQ‐VAS (Year 3–Baseline) | Change in EQ‐5D (Year 3–Baseline) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Population | PAF | LSPAF | Total Population | PAF | LSPAF | |||||||
| R | P Value | R | P Value | R | P Value | R | P Value | R | P Value | R | P Value | |
| Age, y | −0.19 | <0.00001 | −0.22 | <0.00001 | −0.19 | 0.04 | −0.24 | <0.00001 | −0.28 | <0.00001 | −0.19 | 0.03 |
| Female | −0.03 | 0.53 | 0.06 | 0.37 | −0.21 | 0.02 | −0.07 | 0.15 | −0.06 | 0.34 | −0.07 | 0.45 |
| LSPAF | 0.17 | 0.001 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.11 | 0.03 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| AF history, mo | −0.13 | 0.01 | −0.18 | 0.006 | −0.10 | 0.25 | −0.16 | 0.003 | −0.14 | 0.03 | −0.23 | 0.01 |
| LSPAF, mo | NA | NA | NA | NA | −0.26 | 0.004 | NA | NA | NA | NA | −0.30 | 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | −0.05 | 0.36 | −0.04 | 0.51 | −0.18 | 0.053 | −0.10 | 0.055 | −0.10 | 0.13 | −0.18 | 0.048 |
| LA, mm | −0.07 | 0.20 | −0.18 | 0.005 | −0.08 | 0.40 | −0.07 | 0.18 | −0.12 | 0.054 | −0.13 | 0.16 |
| LVEF, % | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.11 | 0.07 | −0.03 | 0.75 | 0.00 | 0.93 | 0.07 | 0.27 | −0.02 | 0.81 |
| LVEF ≤40% | 0.06 | 0.28 | −0.07 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.29 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 0.43 | 0.03 | 0.73 |
| Hypertension | −0.08 | 0.11 | −0.16 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.69 | −0.19 | 0.0002 | −0.21 | 0.001 | −0.19 | 0.03 |
| Diabetes mellitus | −0.05 | 0.35 | −0.05 | 0.43 | −0.07 | 0.43 | −0.11 | 0.03 | −0.05 | 0.41 | −0.25 | 0.007 |
| Stroke/TIA | −0.03 | 0.51 | −0.06 | 0.37 | −0.02 | 0.86 | −0.09 | 0.09 | −0.06 | 0.35 | −0.16 | 0.08 |
| CAD | −0.08 | 0.15 | −0.10 | 0.11 | −0.03 | 0.74 | 0.01 | 0.91 | 0.01 | 0.87 | −0.01 | 0.94 |
| Disability | 0.04 | 0.41 | 0.03 | 0.68 | 0.03 | 0.72 | 0.02 | 0.75 | −0.03 | 0.59 | 0.07 | 0.42 |
| Retired | −0.10 | 0.06 | −0.10 | 0.11 | −0.10 | 0.30 | −0.19 | 0.0002 | −0.20 | 0.002 | −0.18 | 0.047 |
| Sick leave | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.29 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.24 |
| Hospitalization | 0.06 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.37 | 0.03 | 0.77 | 0.00 | 0.94 | 0.03 | 0.67 | −0.06 | 0.50 |
| Good AF/AT control | 0.24 | <0.00001 | 0.20 | 0.001 | 0.35 | <0.00001 | 0.23 | <0.00001 | 0.26 | 0.00003 | 0.16 | 0.07 |
| AADs change (−1/0/1) | −0.02 | 0.74 | −0.08 | 0.21 | −0.01 | 0.88 | −0.16 | 0.003 | −0.20 | 0.001 | −0.15 | 0.09 |
| Warfarin cessation | 0.21 | 0.00005 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.42 | <0.00001 | 0.26 | <0.00001 | 0.26 | 0.00004 | 0.25 | 0.006 |
5D indicates 5‐dimensional descriptive system; AAD, Class I/III antiarrhythmic drug (categories: −1=discontinued, 0=not changed, 1=resumed); AF, atrial fibrillation; AT, atrial tachycardia; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; LA, left atrial; LSPAF (months), duration of continuous AF without intervening sinus rhythm; LSPAF, long‐standing persistent AF; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NA, not applicable; P, P‐value of correlation; PAF, paroxysmal AF; R, Pearson's correlation coefficient; TIA, transient ischemic attack; VAS, visual analog scale.