Table 4.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Before and After Publication of COURAGE
| Characteristics | Total (N=23 680) | Pre‐COURAGE (N=11 984) | Post‐COURAGE (N=11 696) | P‐Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y (at PCI date) | 74.1±5.9 | 73.8±5.6 | 74.4±6.1 | <0.001 |
| Age group, y | ||||
| 66 to 75 | 14 744 (62.3%) | 7714 (64.4%) | 7030 (60.1%) | <0.001 |
| 76 to 85 | 7970 (33.7%) | 3910 (32.6%) | 4060 (34.7%) | |
| >85 | 966 (4.1%) | 360 (3.0%) | 606 (5.2%) | |
| Male | 15 148 (64.0%) | 7692 (64.2%) | 7456 (63.7%) | 0.483 |
| Low income | 4391 (18.5%) | 2300 (19.2%) | 2091 (17.9%) | 0.009 |
| CCS angina classification | ||||
| 0 | 1716 (7.2%) | 913 (7.6%) | 803 (6.9%) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 1330 (5.6%) | 685 (5.7%) | 645 (5.5%) | |
| 2 | 5238 (22.1%) | 2625 (21.9%) | 2613 (22.3%) | |
| 3 | 5862 (24.8%) | 3386 (28.3%) | 2476 (21.2%) | |
| 4 | 9534 (40.3%) | 4375 (36.5%) | 5159 (44.1%) | |
| Ad‐hoc PCI | 14 045 (59.3%) | 6495 (54.2%) | 7550 (64.6%) | <0.001 |
| Prior PCI | 2490 (10.5%) | 922 (7.7%) | 1568 (13.4%) | <0.001 |
| Prior CABG | 3144 (13.3%) | 1537 (12.8%) | 1607 (13.7%) | 0.038 |
| Exercise stress test | 11 633 (49.1%) | 6214 (51.9%) | 5419 (46.3%) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Current | 8253 (34.9%) | 5107 (42.6%) | 3146 (26.9%) | <0.001 |
| Ever | 10 191 (43.0%) | 5107 (42.6%) | 5084 (43.5%) | 0.185 |
| Hypertension | 15 111 (63.8%) | 6548 (54.6%) | 8563 (73.2%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 7960 (33.6%) | 3800 (31.7%) | 4160 (35.6%) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 13 422 (56.7%) | 5472 (45.7%) | 7950 (68.0%) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | 2280 (9.6%) | 1183 (9.9%) | 1097 (9.4%) | 0.199 |
| Congestive heart failure | 2037 (8.6%) | 977 (8.2%) | 1060 (9.1%) | 0.012 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2163 (9.1%) | 1133 (9.5%) | 1030 (8.8%) | 0.084 |
| Pulmonary disease | 1101 (4.6%) | 490 (4.1%) | 611 (5.2%) | <0.001 |
| Other medical therapy | ||||
| Calcium channel blocker | 9177 (38.8%) | 4688 (39.1%) | 4489 (38.4%) | 0.244 |
| Long‐acting nitrate | 5574 (23.5%) | 3209 (26.8%) | 2365 (20.2%) | <0.001 |
| Warfarin | 974 (4.1%) | 359 (3.0%) | 615 (5.3%) | <0.001 |
| Teaching hospital | 16 126 (68.1%) | 8404 (70.1%) | 7722 (66.0%) | <0.001 |
| Primary care physician visit | 18 357 (77.5%) | 9458 (78.9%) | 8899 (76.1%) | <0.001 |
| Cardiologist or internist visit | 16 220 (68.5%) | 8343 (69.6%) | 7877 (67.3%) | <0.001 |
CABG indicates coronary artery bypass graft surgery; CCS, Canadian Cardiovascular Society; COURAGE, Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.