Table 3.
Prospective Associations of Plasma Phospholipid Trans–Fatty Acids With Risk of Total Mortality (n=2742)
| Quintiles of Plasma Phospholipids Trans–Fatty Acid Levels | P Trend* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | III | IV | V | ||
| Trans‐16:1n9 | ||||||
| Cases (person‐years) | 328 (6464) | 328 (6478) | 336 (6345) | 306 (6089) | 346 (6118) | |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI)* | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (0.86, 1.17) | 0.99 (0.85, 1.15) | 0.89 (0.76, 1.04) | 1.02 (0.87, 1.19) | 0.88 |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI)* | 1.00 (ref) | 1.05 (0.90, 1.23) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.25) | 0.93 (0.77, 1.13) | 1.05 (0.85, 1.30) | 0.92 |
| Total trans‐18:1* | ||||||
| Cases (person‐years) | 344 (6162) | 311 (6411) | 314 (6476) | 321 (6348) | 354 (6097) | |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI)* | 1.00 (ref) | 0.83 (0.72, 0.97) | 0.81 (0.69, 0.94) | 0.93 (0.80, 1.09) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.06) | 0.75 |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI)* | 1.00 (ref) | 0.83 (0.70, 0.99) | 0.80 (0.66, 0.96) | 0.91 (0.73, 1.13) | 0.82 (0.64, 1.05) | 0.33 |
| Cis/trans‐18:2 | ||||||
| Cases (person‐years) | 354 (5953) | 306 (6375) | 307 (6752) | 345 (6511) | 332 (5903) | |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI)* | 1.00 (ref) | 0.83 (0.71, 0.97) | 0.83 (0.72, 0.97) | 0.91 (0.78, 1.06) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.15) | 0.73 |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI)* | 1.00 (ref) | 0.87 (0.74, 1.02) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.03) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.10) | 0.92 (0.72, 1.17) | 0.65 |
| Trans/cis‐18:2 | ||||||
| Cases (person‐years) | 345 (6354) | 317 (6304) | 310 (6475) | 320 (6282) | 352 (6078) | |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI)* | 1.00 (ref) | 0.89 (0.77, 1.04) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.18) | 1.08 (0.92, 1.26) | 0.07 |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI)* | 1.00 (ref) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.14) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.24) | 1.13 (0.93, 1.37) | 1.19 (0.96, 1.49) | 0.05 |
| Trans/trans‐18:2 | ||||||
| Cases (person‐years) | 328 (7137) | 302 (5898) | 341 (6475) | 330 (6113) | 343 (5870) | |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI)* | 1.00 (ref) | 1.04 (0.89, 1.21) | 1.07 (0.92, 1.24) | 1.09 (0.94, 1.27) | 1.21 (1.04, 1.42) | 0.01 |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI)* | 1.00 (ref) | 1.05 (0.90, 1.23) | 1.08 (0.92, 1.25) | 1.09 (0.93, 1.27) | 1.23 (1.04, 1.44) | 0.02 |
BMI indicates body mass index; EPA+DHA, eicosapentaenoic acids plus docosahexaenoic acids.
P‐trend was evaluated by assigning each participant the median value of each quintile category and evaluating this as a continuous variable.
Hazard ratios without mutual adjustment (95% CI) were adjusted for age (years), sex (male/female), race (white/nonwhite), education (<high school, high school, some college, college graduate), enrollment site, diabetes (yes/no), hypertension (yes/no), smoking (never/former/current), alcohol consumption (servings/week), physical activity (kcal/week), BMI (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), dietary saturated fat (%energy), dietary monounsaturated fat (%energy), dietary fiber (g/day), plasma phospholipid EPA+DHA (%fatty acids), plasma phospholipid linoleic acid (%fatty acids).
Hazard ratios with mutual adjustment (95% CI) were adjusted for age (years), sex (male/female), race (white/nonwhite), education (<high school, high school, some college, college graduate), enrollment site, diabetes (yes/no), hypertension (yes/no), smoking (never/former/current), alcohol consumption (servings/week), physical activity (kcal/week), BMI (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), dietary saturated fat (%energy), dietary monounsaturated fat (%energy), dietary fiber (g/day), plasma phospholipid EPA+DHA (% fatty acids), plasma phospholipid linoleic acid (% fatty acids), and other types of plasma phospholipid trans–fatty acids (% of fatty acids).
Total trans‐18:1 consisted of subtypes including trans‐18:1n6, n7, n8, n9, n10‐12 that were highly inter‐related (pairwise correlations=0.83 to 0.93).