Table 4.
Prospective Association of Plasma Phospholipid Trans–Fatty Acid With Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Mortality With Mutual Adjustment (n=2742)
| Quintiles of Plasma Phospholipid Trans–Fatty Acid Levels | P Value For Trend* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | III | IV | V | ||
| Cardiovascular mortality (n=567) | ||||||
| Trans16:1n9 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.37 (1.04, 1.80) | 1.21 (0.89, 1.65) | 1.16 (0.82, 1.63) | 1.20 (0.81, 1.76) | 0.65 |
| Total trans18: 1* | 1.00 (ref) | 0.72 (0.54, 0.96) | 0.64 (0.46, 0.89) | 0.71 (0.48, 1.04) | 0.66 (0.43, 1.01) | 0.14 |
| Cis/trans18:2 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.75 (0.57, 1.00) | 0.74 (0.54, 1.02) | 0.87 (0.61, 1.24) | 0.81 (0.53, 1.23) | 0.43 |
| Trans/cis18:2 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.02 (0.77, 1.34) | 1.02 (0.74, 1.39) | 1.12 (0.80, 1.57) | 1.15 (0.78, 1.70) | 0.40 |
| Trans/trans18:2 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.17 (0.89, 1.54) | 1.18 (0.89, 1.55) | 1.25 (0.95, 1.66) | 1.40 (1.05, 1.86) | 0.02 |
| Noncardiovascular disease mortality (n=1166) | ||||||
| Trans16:1n9 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.91 (0.75, 1.11) | 0.99 (0.80, 1.22) | 0.83 (0.66, 1.05) | 0.98 (0.76, 1.28) | 0.86 |
| Total trans18:1* | 1.00 (ref) | 0.90 (0.73, 1.11) | 0.90 (0.71, 1.14) | 1.03 (0.79, 1.35) | 0.93 (0.68, 1.26) | 0.91 |
| Cis/trans18:2 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.95 (0.77, 1.16) | 0.93 (0.74, 1.17) | 0.93 (0.72, 1.20) | 1.00 (0.74, 1.34) | 0.94 |
| Trans/cis18:2 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.94 (0.77, 1.15) | 1.04 (0.83, 1.29) | 1.11 (0.87, 1.41) | 1.19 (0.91, 1.56) | 0.09 |
| Trans/trans18:2 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.01 (0.83, 1.21) | 1.04 (0.86, 1.25) | 1.02 (0.85, 1.24) | 1.16 (0.96, 1.42) | 0.14 |
Models were adjusted for age (years), sex (male/female), race (white/nonwhite), education (<high school, high school, some college, college graduate), enrollment site, diabetes (yes/no), hypertension (yes/no), smoking (never/former/current), alcohol consumption (servings/week), physical activity (kcal/week), BMI (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), dietary saturated fat (%energy), dietary monounsaturated fat (%energy), dietary fiber (g/day), plasma phospholipid EPA+DHA (% fatty acids), plasma phospholipid linoleic acid (% fatty acids), and other types of plasma phospholipid trans–fatty acids (% of fatty acids). BMI indicates body–mass index; EPA+DHA, eicosapentaenoic acids plus docosahexaenoic acids.
P‐trend was evaluated by assigning each participant the median value of each quintile category and evaluating this as a continuous variable.
Total trans18:1 consisted of subtypes including trans‐18:1n6, n7, n8, n9, n10‐12 that were highly inter‐related (pairwise correlations=0.83 to 0.93).