Table 2.
Multivariate‐Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Incident AF
| Characteristic | Age/Race Adjusted | Multivariate Adjusted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Age | 1.65 (1.62, 1.67) | <0.001 | 1.47 (1.44, 1.49) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| White | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| African American | 0.74 (0.67, 0.81) | 0.61 (0.55, 0.67) | ||
| Hispanic | 0.52 (0.44, 0.62) | 0.61 (0.51, 0.72) | ||
| Other/unknown* | 0.57 (0.51, 0.65) | 0.65 (0.58, 0.74) | ||
| Education | <0.001 | 0.039 | ||
| ≤High school/GED | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Some college | 0.93 (0.88, 0.98) | 0.97 (0.92, 1.03) | ||
| ≥College degree | 0.83 (0.79, 0.87) | 0.94 (0.89, 0.99) | ||
| BMI (5‐kg/m2 increase) | 1.18 (1.16, 1.20) | <0.001 | 1.12 (1.10, 1.14) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 1.57 (1.50, 1.63) | <0.001 | 1.41 (1.35, 1.47) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 2.02 (1.86, 2.20) | <0.001 | 1.50 (1.38, 1.64) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.16 (1.10, 1.22) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.91, 1.02) | 0.188 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2.27 (2.10, 2.45) | <0.001 | 1.79 (1.65, 1.95) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 3.48 (2.98, 4.07) | <0.001 | 2.12 (1.80, 2.49) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 2.03 (1.83, 2.25) | <0.001 | 1.54 (1.39, 1.71) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking | 1.25 (1.14, 1.36) | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.15, 1.37) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity | <0.001 | 0.003 | ||
| No activity | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| >0 to 3 MET‐h/week | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.06) | ||
| >3 to 9 MET‐h/week | 0.87 (0.81, 0.93) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) | ||
| >9 MET‐h/week | 0.78 (0.73, 0.83) | 0.90 (0.85, 0.96) | ||
The multivariate model included as covariates all demographic and clinical characteristics listed in the first column. AF indicates atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; GED, general educational development; HR, hazard ratio; MET, metabolic equivalent task.
*
Includes American Indian and Asian/Pacific Islander.