Table 2.
Policy | Summary Estimates | Studies | Age of sample |
---|---|---|---|
Monetary price | −1.01 to −1.51 (full demand elasticity); −0.7 to −1.0 (30 day participation elasticity). | Nisbet and Vakil (1972) | College students – own sample |
−0.24 (30 day participation elasticity) | Williams et al (2004) | College students – Harvard College Alcohol Study (HCAS) | |
−0.26 (30 day participation elasticity) | Williams et al (2006) | College students - HCAS | |
−.40 ( full demand elasticity) | Clements and Zhao (2009) | Full population | |
−0.28 – 0.31 (30 day participation elasticity) | Gallet (2013) | Mixed populations | |
Decriminalization | No effect on prevalence or frequency of use | Thies & Register (1993) ; Pacula (1998) | NLSY79 Young adults (ages 19-30) |
Past month use participation elasticity: 0.07-0.09. | Saffer and Chaloupka (1999). | 1988, 1990, 1991 NHSDA (includes illicit drug prices) | |
Penalties | −0.008 effect of median fine on thirty day use. No effect on frequency of use | Farrelly et al (1999) *controls for enforcement too |
1991-1994, 1996 NSDUH (ages 21 to 30) |
Median fine insignificant | Williams et al (2004) | College students – HCAS | |
Enforcement | Crime per officer ratio positive and significant (elasticity not specified) | Pacula (1998) | NLSY79 (young adults ages 19-26) |
Past month participation elasticity for MJ arrests to users: −0.157 to −0.176 | Farrelly et al (1999) *Monetary price included |
1991-1994, 1996 NHSDA (ages 21 to 30) |