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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 29.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2013 Jun 24;113(11):8567–8582. doi: 10.1021/cr400120z

Fig. 1. HIV-encoded Tat protein stimulates production of full-length viral transcripts through binding to HIV TAR RNA stem-loop structure.

Fig. 1

The genomic structure of the HIV-1 virus is shown with the coding region for the two-exon form of Tat highlighted in blue. Tat, in conjunction with other cellular cofactors (indicated by question marks), binds to the TAR RNA structure that is formed at the 5′ end of the nascent HIV transcript to stimulate the production of the full-length HIV mRNA (i.e. transcriptional elongation) by Pol II. TSS: transcription start site.