Table 1.

Studies investigating differentiation of anxiety symptoms in children.

Authors	Ages	Sample	Measure/interview	Analysis	Results – best fitting model
School-age samples
Birmaher et al. (1997)	9–18	Clinical	Screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders	EFA	5 Factors – somatic/panic, GAD, SAD, SP and school phobia
Spence (1997)	8–12	Convenience (schools)	Spence children’s anxiety scale	CFA	6 Factors – PD, SAD, SP, physical injury fears, OCD, GAD
Hallett et al. (2009)	7, 9	Community (twin cohort)	25 items adapted from various measures	EFA	5 Factors – negative cognitions, negative affect, fear, SP, OCD behaviors
March et al. (1997)	8–17	Convenience (schools)	Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children	EFA, CFA	4 Factors – physical symptoms, SP, SAD, harm avoidance
Preschool samples
Spence et al. (2001)	2.5–6.5	Convenience (preschools)	Preschool anxiety scale	EFA, CFA	5 Factors – SP, SAD, OCD, physical injury fears, GAD
Sterba, Egger, et al. (2007) and Sterba, Prinstein, et al. (2007)	2–5	Convenience (pediatric clinic)	Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment	CFA	3 Factors – SAD, SP, GAD/depression
Eley et al. (2003)	4	Community (twin birth cohort)	16 Items from various established measures	CFA	5 Factors – general distress, SAD, fears, OCD, shyness/inhibition

Note: Factors in italics were investigated in the current report. CFA = confirmatory factor analysis, EFA = exploratory factor analysis, SP = social phobia, PD = panic disorder, SAD = separation anxiety disorder, OCD = obsessive–compulsive disorder, and GAD = generalized anxiety disorder.