Table 2.
The association of socioeconomic factors and readmission
| Readmission outcome and socioeconomic factors | Studies | Association | Cumulative effect | Quality score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short-term outcome (30 days and 90 days) | ||||
| Race/ethnicity | Positive | |||
| Hispanic vs white | Rodriguez et al 2011;21 | + | 84% | |
| McHugh et al 201022 | + | 50% | ||
| Black vs white | Joynt et al, 2011;14 | + | 84% | |
| McHugh et al 201022 | + | 50% | ||
| Not white (black, Hispanic, Asian) vs white | Howie-Esquivel et al 201223 | = | 80% | |
| Income | Inconclusive but promising | |||
| Low quarters of income versus high quarters of income | Lindenauer et al 201326 | + | 89% | |
| Low versus high income | Roe-Prior et al 200727 | = | 61% | |
| Marital status | Positive | |||
| Not partnered versus partnered | Howie-Esquivel et al 201223 | + | 80% | |
| Unmarried/widowed versus married | Roe-Prior et al 200727 | + | 61% | |
| Education | No effect | |||
| Less than high school versus post-high school | Roe-Prior et al 200727 | = | 61% | |
| Less than high school graduate versus post-high school graduate | Schwarz et al 200328 | = | 84% | |
| Long-term outcome (6 months and 1 year) | ||||
| Race/ethnicity | Inconclusive but promising | |||
| Other versus white | Krumholz et al 200024 | = | 82% | |
| Black versus white | Rathore et al 200325 | + | 80% | |
| Socioeconomic status | Insufficient evidence | |||
| Lower versus higher class of socioeconomic status | Rathore et al 200629 | + | 95% | |
| Social network | Insufficient evidence | |||
| Moderate/low versus high social network | Rodríguez-Artalejo et al 200630 | + | 75% | |
Notes: + stands for a positive association and = stands for no association.