Table 3.
Variables cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with specific carbon-chain lengths of plasma sphingomyelins in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
| Covariates | C16:0 |
C18:0 |
C20:0 |
C22:0 |
C24:0 |
C16:1 |
C18:1 |
C20:1 |
C22:1 |
C24:1 |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Time-Dependent | Baseline | Time-Dependent | Baseline | Time-Dependent | Baseline | Time-Dependent | Baseline | Time-Dependent | Baseline | Time-Dependent | Baseline | Time-Dependent | Baseline | Time-Dependent | Baseline | Time-Dependent | Baseline | Time-Dependent | |
| b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | |
| Age | 2999.3 (467.4)c | 250.6 (67.9)c | 505.8 (95.9)c | 705.2 (154.6)c | 301.8 (132.3)a | 432.3 (61.4)c | 1842.5 (269.6)c | 503.5 (45.7)c | 686.6 (140.7)c | 2399.6 (209.9)c | ||||||||||
| Age2 | 7.1 (22.8) | −2.3 (3.7) | −9.6 (4.9)a | −18.0 (8.0)a | −16.8 (7.1)a | −2.3 (3.2) | −13.9 (12.3) | −0.8 (2.3) | −7.7 (7.5) | −12.1 (15.9) | ||||||||||
| Men | −29 876.0 (5524.5)c | −2133.2 (518.2)c | −12 029.1 (983.9)c | −12 861.4 (1560.9)c | −447.7 (114.8)c | −5795.5 (2646.6)a | −640.6 (182.6)c | 1207.8 (1757.0) | −328.4 (156.7)a | −12 555.1 (825.9)c | −249.5 (73.9)b | −28 973.9 (3490.9)c | −1456.4 (300.6)c | −9276.8 (638.3)c | −346.0 (55.3)c | −16 747.3 (1905.1)c | −511.9 (169.9)b | −24 883.6 (4197.3)c | −2375.7 (375.3)c | |
| African American | 33 328.5 (7756.3)c | 6533.9 (1440.4)c | 14 383.6 (1751.2)c | 31 652.9 (3032.6)c | 25 874.7 (2552.3)c | 7225.1 (1165.0)c | 44 152.1 (4969.8)c | 10 288.8 (886.3)c | 27 408.7 (2770.8)c | 72 392.8 (5 852.1)c | ||||||||||
| APOE e4 | 10 077.7 (5558.3) | 1408.9 (840.6) | 4492.9 (1999.9)a | |||||||||||||||||
| BMI | −2252.1 (622.3)c | 670.2 (110.5)c | 281.0 (143.4)a | 37.2 (13.8)b | 488.4 (245.5)a | 76.2 (22.4)b | −46.4 (201.4) | 50.5 (19.3)b | 515.3 (92.1)c | 2187.0 (386.4)c | 307.6 (69.5)c | 12.1 (6.6) | 584.4 (218.9)b | 44.1 (20.8)a | −125.7 (461.8) | |||||
| WHR | 14 600.5 (7576.9) | 24 729.5 (12 955.2) | ||||||||||||||||||
| CESD | −162.2 (78.6)a | −312.6 (134.2)a | −212.6 (117.2) | |||||||||||||||||
| Pre-diabetes | −10 584.3 (5269.9)a | −1103.3 (525.0)a | −2702.3 (1133.4)c | −5419.4 (1934.7)b | −3784.1 (1661.4)a | −3543.1 (756.9)c | −7800.1 (2981.2)b | −2260.9 (541.6)c | −6422.3 (1793.6)c | −9210.8 (3790.0)b | ||||||||||
| Diabetes | −3407.1 (8011.4) | 11.7 (763.5) | −852.1 (1705.4) | −3255.3 (2894.5) | −1786.5 (2463.1) | −2284.5 (1131.8)a | −12 099.5 (4598.0)b | −2430.0 (830.1)b | −9143.3 (2675.9)b | −11 511.9 (5721.2)a | ||||||||||
| Statin use | −11 090.0 (6407.5) | −1330.1 (703.6) | 6841.7 (1322.3)c | 6988.9 (2264.5)b | 2266.4 (890.9)a | 9655.4 (3398.7)b | 3792.2 (623.3)c | 6493.1 (2108.5)b | 19 530.4 (4445.6)c | |||||||||||
| Hypertension | 1186.4 (2991.2) | 476.7 (284.9) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cancer | 4261.5 (1588.0)b | 4635.9 (2591.9) | −501.5 (245.0)a | 2831.1 (1057.0)b | 2267.3 (771.5)b | 10 135.1 (5374.5) | ||||||||||||||
| Smoker | 8370.5 (4401.4) | 1750.9 (816.2)a | −186.4 (74.3)a | 2125.8 (1002.7)a | 1539.8 (663.4)a | 1034.7 (502.7)a | 6155.4 (3352.9) | |||||||||||||
| Cholesterol | 1576.5 (62.4)c | 199.7 (10.6)c | 218.6 (13.4)c | 334.4 (22.8)c | 322.2 (19.2)c | 155.1 (9.0)c | 1.7 (0.9)a | 474.6 (35.3)c | 49.2 (6.4)c | 338.5 (21.3)c | 570.8 (44.9)c | |||||||||
| Triglycerides | −283.4 (34.0)c | 13.4 (5.9)a | −12.0 (7.2) | −41.8 (12.4)b | −42.4 (10.6)c | −17.4 (5.0)b | −0.9 (0.5) | −43.7 (18.8)b | −6.9 (3.4)a | −65.9 (11.5)c | −133.2 (24.0)c | |||||||||
APOE e4, presence of at least one APOE E4 allele; BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist–hip ratio
We forced age, age 2, sex, and BMI into all models then used backward selection with P < 0.10 to determine which variables to include in the final model of each sphingomyelin species and carbon-chain length. aP < 0.05; bP < 0.01; cP < 0.001.