. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.

Published in final edited form as: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014 Dec 17;23(2):481–487. doi: 10.1002/oby.20963

Table 2. Unstandardized OLS regression coefficients from a fully interacted regional model of county-level adult obesity prevalence, 2009.

Variables	South (a)	Northeast (b)	Midwest (c)	West (d)
Economic Context

Percent of pop. poor	0.020	-0.028	-0.010	0.013

Percent of labor force unemployed	0.018^cd	0.446	0.346^***^a	0.284^**^a

Poor/non-poor segregation	-0.019^*^bc	0.032^a	0.006^a	0.009

Healthcare Context

Percent of pop. uninsured	0.030^d	0.054	-0.006	-0.081^*^a

Number of physicians per 1,000 pop.	-0.360^***	-0.250^**	-0.331^***	-0.468^***

Number of outpatient visits per 1,000 pop.	0.093^***	0.121^*	0.073^***	0.144^**

Recreational Context

Percent of adults physically inactive	0.302^***^cd	0.426^***^c	0.221^***^abd	0.472^***^ac

Number of recreation facilities per 1,000 pop.	-2.106^*	-2.914	-0.572	-2.965^*

Natural amenities (low of 1 to high of 7)	-0.081	-0.278	-0.229^*	-0.228

Food Environment

Percent of pop. living in a food desert	-0.001	0.017	-0.001	0.006

Number of fast food restaurants per 1,000 pop.	-0.042	-0.831	-0.460	-0.069
Population Structure

Percent of families headed by single mothers	0.026	0.181	0.100^**	0.089

Percent of pop. aged 65 and older	-0.035^c	-0.062	0.034^a	-0.018

Percent of pop. African American	0.072^***^bcd	-0.060^a	0.016^a	-0.063^a

Percent of pop. Hispanic	-0.016^*^b	-0.191^***^acd	-0.009^b	-0.029^*^b

Metropolitan (ref.)	----	----	----	----

Micropolitan	0.169	-0.346	0.009	0.081

Noncore	-0.336^*	-0.611	-0.070	-0.798^*

Educational Level

Percent of adults less than high school	0.022	0.143	0.049^*	0.083^*

Spatial lag	0.154^***^b	-0.011^acd	0.184^***^b	0.130^**^b

Intercept	30.312^***

Adjusted R²	0.754

Notes: ‘Pop.’ is an abbreviation for ‘population’. Model controls for state fixed effects. Number of outpatient visits per 1,000 pop. multiplied by 1,000.

p<0.05;

^**

p<0.01;

^***

p<0.001 indicate significant coefficients that are the main effect of the specified covariate in the region identified in the column heading.

^a,b,c,d

indicate significant (p<0.05) differences of each independent variable between the region denoted in the column heading and the other regions. For example, for the variable “Percent of labor force unemployed,” the South, which is labeled “a” in the column heading, differed from Midwest (column c) and West (column d), but not the Northeast (column b). N=3,109.