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Effect of caffeine on the acquisition of conditioned freezing. (a) Caffeine attenuated the establishment of a conditioned freezing response to the tone CS across the three CS-US pairings. (b) Likewise, caffeine reduced the development of contextual fear across the four ITI periods. * denotes a significant group difference (p < 0.05) according to post-hoc analysis based on the error term associated with the overall ANOVA (n = 15 per group).
