Table 1. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics of study subjects at baseline by smoking status, Aichi, 2002–2011.
| Characteristics | Smoking status at recruitment | P-valueb | ||||
| Never smokers | Ex-smokers | Current smokers, by cigarettes per day | ||||
| Light smokers (<20) |
Moderate smokers (20–<30) |
Heavy smokers (30+) |
||||
| n | 1608 | 776 | 264 | 421 | 269 | |
| Demographic factors | ||||||
| Sex, % men | 58.0 | 94.5 | 84.1 | 96.9 | 99.3 | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 46.2 (7.1) | 49.7 (6.5) | 47.6 (7.2) | 48.7 (6.7) | 49.8 (6.3) | <0.001 |
| Smoking metrics | ||||||
| Age at smoking debut, years | 20.0 (2.3) | 20.8 (2.7) | 20.5 (2.9) | 19.9 (2.1) | 0.253 | |
| Pack-years of smokingc | 21.5 (20.1–23.0) | 13.0 (12.0–14.0) | 27.8 (27.0–28.5) | 50.0 (48.3–51.8) | <0.001 | |
| Median years since quitting | 11 | |||||
| Physically activea, % | 52.4 | 64.2 | 55.3 | 55.1 | 54.6 | 0.314 |
| Alcohol consumption, g/dayc | 4.2 (3.8–4.6) | 10.0 (9.0–11.2) | 8.8 (7.1–11.1) | 13.1 (11.3–15.4) | 16.1 (13.4–19.5) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.5 (2.7) | 23.2 (2.5) | 23.1 (2.8) | 23.0 (2.7) | 23.1 (2.6) | <0.001 |
| Sleep duration, minutes/day | 387.0 (51.5) | 402.4 (49.2) | 398.3 (49.9) | 400.1 (55.5) | 395.9 (53.8) | <0.001 |
| Dietary factors | ||||||
| Fat consumption, g/day | 56.9 (20.0) | 57.4 (20.2) | 55.7 (22.5) | 54.2 (20.1) | 52.4 (21.3) | <0.001 |
| Energy, kcal | 1891.9 (579.6) | 2015.5 (583.6) | 1966.5 (617.8) | 2001.6 (587.7) | 1953.8 (610.7) | 0.001 |
| Carbohydrate consumption, g/day | 254.9 (87.1) | 264.3 (91.0) | 259.1 (85.8) | 261.5 (85.2) | 256.0 (94.2) | 0.344 |
| Sugar consumption, mg/dayc | 11.6 (11.2–12.0) | 10.2 (9.6–10.8) | 9.4 (8.5–10.4) | 10.2 (9.5–11.0) | 9.6 (8.6–10.7) | <0.001 |
| Glycemic load | 154.5 (59.1) | 158.6 (62.1) | 156.6 (58.2) | 156.9 (59.3) | 153.9 (65.3) | 0.704 |
Each continuous variable is being reported as mean (SD) unless mentioned otherwise.
aPhysical activity: self-reported exercise for a total of 60 minutes or more for more than a day per month.
bUsing ANOVA and Chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively.
cValues are expressed as geometric mean (95% confidence interval).