Table 3. Hazards of diabetes mellitus by baseline smoking status, Aichi, 2002–2011.
Smoking status at recruitment | ||||||
Never smokers | Ex-smokers | Current smokers, by cigarettes per day | ||||
Light smokers |
Moderate smokers |
Heavy smokers |
All current smokers |
|||
n | 1608 | 776 | 264 | 421 | 269 | 954 |
Number of cases | 75 | 65 | 17 | 36 | 32 | 85 |
Person-years | 12 264 | 5855 | 1977 | 3134 | 1910 | 7021 |
Crude incidence rate/1000 person-years | 6.1 | 11.1 | 8.6 | 11.5 | 16.8 | 12.1 |
Model 1a | 1 | 1.62 (1.13–2.34) | 1.36 (0.80–2.33) | 1.76 (1.15–2.69) | 2.45 (1.56–3.82) | 1.82 (1.29–2.56) |
Model 2b | 1 | 1.64 (1.14–2.36) | 1.35 (0.79–2.32) | 1.74 (1.13–2.66) | 2.41 (1.54–3.77) | 1.80 (1.28–2.53) |
Model 3c | 1 | 1.54 (1.07–2.23) | 1.39 (0.82–2.38) | 1.74 (1.14–2.67) | 2.44 (1.57–3.82) | 1.83 (1.30–2.57) |
Model 4d | 1 | 1.54 (1.07–2.22) | 1.35 (0.79–2.32) | 1.68 (1.10–2.58) | 2.30 (1.47–3.60) | 1.75 (1.25–2.46) |
aAdjusted for age (continuous) and sex at baseline.
bModel 1 + adjustments for physical activity, consumptions of alcohol, sugar and energy (all continuous), and sleep duration/day (continuous).
cModel 2 + adjustments for family history of diabetes mellitus, mean arterial pressure, body mass index (continuous), total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and log-transformed values of homeostatic model assessment 2–insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and triglyceride.
dModel 3 + adjustment for log-transformed serum adiponectin, C-reactive protain, and leptin levels (continuous).