Table 4. Associations among smoking status, diabetes, and three potential mediators in a multiple mediation model, Aichi, 2002–2011.
| Antecedent | Consequent | |||||||||||
| Adiponectin (M1) | Leptin (M2) | CRP (M3) | DM incidence (Y) | |||||||||
| Smoking status (X) | Path | β (SE) | P-value | Path | β (SE) | P-value | Path | β (SE) | P-value | Path | β (SE) | P-value |
| Never smokers | Referent | |||||||||||
| Ex-smokers | a11 | −0.011 (0.009) | 0.194 | a21 | −0.002 (0.008) | 0.793 | a31 | −0.019 (0.022) | 0.392 | c1 | 0.485 (0.196) | 0.014 |
| Light smokers | a12 | −0.033 (0.014) | 0.017 | a22 | −0.006 (0.011) | 0.564 | a32 | −0.013 (0.032) | 0.68 | c2 | 0.330 (0.286) | 0.249 |
| Moderate smokers | a13 | −0.044 (0.011) | <0.001 | a23 | −0.035 (0.01) | <0.001 | a33 | 0.076 (0.027) | 0.005 | c3 | 0.605 (0.229) | 0.008 |
| Heavy smokers | a14 | −0.054 (0.013) | <0.001 | a24 | −0.034 (0.012) | 0.003 | a34 | 0.235 (0.032) | <0.001 | c4 | 0.927 (0.243) | <0.001 |
| Adiponectin (M1) | b1 | −0.992 (0.381) | 0.009 | |||||||||
| Leptin (M2) | b2 | 0.134 (0.445) | 0.763 | |||||||||
| CRP (M3) | b3 | −0.062 (0.158) | 0.693 | |||||||||
CRP, C-reactive protein; DM, diabetes mellitus; SE, standard error.