Table 2.
Characteristics, transdermal permeation parameters and release rate of nisoldipine obtained after the application of nisoldipine in the form of proniosome formulations and saturated aqueous solution (control).
| Drug formulation | Viscosity (cp) | Release rate (μg cm−2 h−1) | Flux (μg cm−2 h−1) | Lag time (h) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | 51,800 (1633) | 15.3 (1.12) | 12.18 (2.32) | 0.99 (0.11) |
| P/lec | 22,533 (467) | 45.01 (3.28) | 28.51 (2.83) | 0.94 (0.36) |
| P/IPM | 36,400 (1562) | 29.1 (1.94) | 23.97 (1.92) | 0.59 (0.07) |
| P/OA | 33,733 (929) | 34.3 (3.82) | 30.21 (3.46) | 0.93 (0.37) |
| P/OA-PG0.5 | 39,650 (4854) | 43.2 (1.16) | 30.86 (2.94) | 0.97 (0.43) |
| P/OA-PG1 | 44,067 (1023) | 42.02 (1.98) | 34.08 (1.35) | 0.84 (0.17) |
| P/OA-PG1.5 | 51,733 (2034) | 41.19 (2.97) | 38.67 (5.07) | 0.92 (0.21) |
| Control | ND | 9.7 (0.8) | 0.46 (0.03) | 1.7 (0.1) |
Values between brackets are S.D. (n = 3). Formulation details are shown in Table 1.