Table 1.
Characteristics of included articles
| study | groups | n | age mean (sd) |
months ill mean (sd) |
treatment format |
treatment sessions |
treatment provider |
outcome measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beasley 1992[38] |
COM | 12 | 42.5 | >24 | Individual | 1h per week for 15 weeks |
senior doctoral and staff psychologists |
HAMA STAI-Trait |
| WL | 20 | 40.4 | ---- | ---- | ||||
| Borkovec 1993[14] |
CBT | 19 | 37.5 (13.1) | 17.1 (17.2) | Individual | 12 sessions 2 per week (4 for 1.5h,8 for 1h) |
2 experienced therapists; 2 advance clinical graduate students |
HAMA, STAI PSWQ |
| AR | 18 | |||||||
| ND | 18 | |||||||
| Butler 1991[39] |
CBT | 19 | 32.6 | 36.8 | Individual | mean of 10.7 sessions | clinical psychologists with 8 years |
HAMA BAI STAI-T |
| BT | 19 | 34.1 | 34.1 | mean of 10.6 sessions | experience | |||
| WL | 19 | 38.3 | 37.6 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ||
| Dugas 2003[25] |
CBT | 25 | 41.2 (9.2) | 16.9 (15.2) | Group | 2h per week for 14 weeks |
6 licensed psychologists trained in CBT |
BAI PSWQ; |
| WL | 27 | ---- | telephoned every 3 weeks |
---- | ||||
| Dugas 2010[40] |
CBT | 23 | 38.5 (12.0) | 13.9 (16.7) | Group | 1h per week for 12 weeks |
1 licensed psychologist |
PSWQ STAI-T ADIS-R |
| AR | 22 | |||||||
| WL | 20 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ||||
| Ladouceur 2010[41] |
CBT | 14 | 39.7 (10.8) | 15.6 (13.3) | Individual | 1h per week for 16 weeks |
4 licensed psychologists trained in CBT |
BAI PSWQ WAQ; |
| WL | 12 | ---- | ---- | |||||
| Linden 2005[42] |
CBT | 36 | 43.3 (12.0) | NA | Individual | 25 50min sessions over 14.5 weeks |
12 cognitive behavior therapists |
HAMA STAI |
| WL/CCG | 36 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ||||
| Mohlman 2013[43] |
CBT | 15 | 66.8 (4.5) | NA | Individual | NA | masters or higher graduate students |
PSWQ GAD-Q |
| WL | 13 | 67.1 (5.0) | ---- | ---- | ---- | |||
| Stanley 1996[44] |
CBT | 26 | 68.3 (6.6) | 35.5 (24.8) | Group | 1.5h per week for 14 weeks |
4 advanced graduate students trained in CBT |
HAMA PSWQ STAI-T |
| SP | 20 | |||||||
| Stanley 2003[45] |
CBT | 29 | 66.2 (5.2) | NA | Group | 1.5h per week for 15 weeks |
4 postdoctoral fellows and 1 graduate student |
HAMA PSWQ STAI-T |
| MCC | 35 | |||||||
| Wetherell 2003[46] |
CBT | 26 | 67.1 (8.2) | 29.4 (28.7) | Group | 1.5h per week for 12 weeks |
4 advanced doctoral student |
HAMA BAI PSWQ; |
| DG | 26 | |||||||
| WL | 23 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ||||
| Zinbarg 2007[47] |
CBT | 8 | 41.94 (12.2) | 23.4 (13.9) | Individual | 12 60-75min sessions over 16 weeks |
4 doctoral-level therapists |
BAI CSR PSWQ |
| WL | 10 | ---- | ---- | |||||
| ADIS-IV,Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule[33] | DG,discussion group | ND,Nondirective | ||||||
| AR, applied relaxation | GAD-Q, Generalized Anxiety Disorder | PSWQ, Penn State Worry | ||||||
| BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory | Questionnaire for DSM-IV[35] | Questionnaire | ||||||
| BT, behavior therapy | HAMA, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale | SP, supportive psychotherapy | ||||||
| CCG, contact control group | HAMD, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale[36] | STAI-T, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory- | ||||||
| COM, relaxation plus cognitive restructuring | MCC, minimal contact control | Trait Anxiety subscale | ||||||
| CSR, Clinician’s Severity Rating from the Anxiety | NA, not available | WL, waiting list | ||||||
| Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV[34] | ||||||||