Table 1.

Randomized clinical trials of intensive surveillance after primary breast cancer therapy*

Trial (reference)	No. of patients	Surveillance (randomized to the listed evaluation)	Overall survival	Quality of life
GIVIO (11)	1320	1) Clinic visits, alkaline phosphatase, GGT every 3 months CXR every 6 months Bone scan, liver US every 1 year 2) Clinic visits every 3 months	No difference at 71 months	No difference
Del Turco et al., Palli et al. (12,13)	1243	1) Clinic visit every 3–6 months CXR, bone scan every 6 months 2) Clinic visit every 3–6 months	No difference at 5 or 10 years	Not assessed
Kokko et al. (14)	472	1) Clinic visits every 3 months 2) Clinic visits every 6 months 3) Clinic visits, lab tests (blood tests, ESR, liver tests), CA15-3 every 3 months CXR every 6 months Bone scan and liver US every 2 years 4) Clinic visits, lab tests (blood tests, ESR, liver tests), CA15-3, CXR every 6 months Bone scan and liver US every 2 years	No difference at 4.2 years	Not assessed

* CXR = chest x-ray; ESR = erythroid sedimentation rate; GGT = gamma-glutamyltransferase; GIVIO = Gruppo Interdisciplinare Valutazione Interventi in Oncologia; US = ultrasound.