Figure 2.

Multivariate pseudo standard error (MultSE) as a function of sample size (a) for each of 5 different areas on the basis of Jaccard dissimilarities for macrofaunal communities from the Norwegian continental shelf and (b) for each of three different times on the basis of Bray–Curtis dissimilarities calculated on log(x + 1)-transformed counts of fishes from the Poor Knights Islands, New Zealand. A double resampling scheme was used to generate means for each sample size using 10 000 permutations and error bars as bias-adjusted 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles from 10 000 bootstrap resamples.