TABLE 2.
Symptom Ratings and Language Scores of the Sample
|
ADHDa
|
ODDb
|
ADHD+ODDc
|
Non-DBDd
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | |
| Parent Report on DBRS | ||||||||
| Total DBD Sx | 12.83a | (5.29) | 11.07b,c | (7.62) | 18.86c,d | (9.30) | 3.20b,d | (3.83) |
| ADHD Sx | ||||||||
| Total | 11.22a,b | (4.80) | 7.33a,c,d | (6.13) | 14.45c,e | (6.55) | 2.705,d | (3.11) |
| Inattentive | 4.72a | (3.06) | 3.13b | (3.18) | 6.29b,c | (3.72) | .93c | (1.60) |
| Hyperactive- | 6.50a,b | (2.62) | 4.20a,b,c | (3.14) | 8.17c,e | (3.28) | 1.77b,d,e | (1.98) |
| Impulsive | 1.61a | (1.33) | 3.73b | (3.24) | 4.49a,c | (3.49) | .50b,c | (1.33) |
| ODD Sx | ||||||||
| Parent Interview on K-DBDS | ||||||||
| Total DBD Sx | 14.44a,b | (3.96) | 13.50c,d | (6.71) | 20.53a,c,e | (5.28) | 5.13b,d,e | (3.39) |
| ADHD Sx | ||||||||
| Total | 11.28a,b | (3.16) | 7.11a,c,d | (5.60) | 12.44c,e | (3.71) | 3.27b,d,e | (2.56) |
| Inattentive | 4.28a | (2.59) | 3.00b | (3.01) | 5.02c | (2.69) | 1.03a,b,c | (1.35) |
| Hyperactive | 7.00a,b | (1.868) | 4.11a,c,d | (2.78) | 7.42c,e | (1.91) | 2.23b,d,e | (1.65) |
| Impulsive | 2.28a,b | (.83) | 4.67a,c,d | (.91) | 5.49b,c,e | (1.45) | 1.50d,e | (1.22) |
| ODD Sx | ||||||||
| Teacher Report on DBRS | ||||||||
| Total DBD Sx | 13.80a,b | (3.77) | 1.33a,c | (1.94) | 16.05c,d | (5.43) | 2.92b,d | (4.23) |
| ADHD Sx | ||||||||
| Total | 13.00a,b | (3.87) | .78a,c | (1.30) | 12.21c,d | (3.33) | 2.46b,d | (3.50) |
| Inattentive | 8.20a,b | (1.30) | .56a,c | (.73) | 5.95c,d | (2.53) | .85b,d | (1.52) |
| Hyperactive- | 4.83a,b | (2.99) | .22a,c | (.67) | 6.26c,d | (1.97) | 1.57b,d | (2.06) |
| Impulsive | 1.00a | (.89) | .50b | (.85) | 3.84a,b,c | (2.97) | .43c | (1.16) |
| ODD Sx | ||||||||
| Language | ||||||||
| Receptive | 97.17 | (11.58) | 107.00 | (13.81) | 98.27a | (15.50) | 109.23a | (13.05) |
| Expressive | 97.89a | (9.76) | 107.65 | (13.56) | 96.86b | (14.11) | 107.7a,b | (11.64) |
| Pragmatic | 82.78 | (6.89) | 89.58a | (11.87) | 76.18a,b | (14.46) | 92.76b | (8.33) |
Note. Like subscripts denote significant differences between groups (p < .05). Receptive language was measured using the PPVT-4. Expressive language was measured using the EVT-2. Standard scores for receptive and expressive language are reported. Pragmatic language was measured via parent-report on the CELF-P-2 Descriptive Pragmatics Profile. Raw scores for pragmatic language are reported. ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder; DBD = disruptive behavior disorder; DBRS = Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale; K-DBDS = Kiddie Disruptive Behavior Disorder Schedule; Sx = Symptoms.
a
n = 18.
b
n = 18.
c
n = 43.
d
n = 30.