Table 1.
Complementary and Integrative Healthcare (CIH) Treatment Modalities Included in and Excluded From the CIH Model
| CIH profession | Included treatment Modalitiesa (definitions) | Excluded treatment Modalities (rationale) |
|---|---|---|
| Acupuncture | ||
| Acupuncture (the insertion of fine disposable sterilized needles through the skin to channel and non-channel points on the body) | Herbs (potential for herb-drug interaction) | |
| Acupressure (manual pressure applied to channel and non-channel points on the body) | Moxibustion (potential for burns) | |
| Tui Na (body work using manually applied compressions to soft tissue) | Heat lamp (potential for burns) | |
| Qigong (breathing exercises) | ||
| Chiropractic | ||
| Manipulation and mobilization (manual application of a careful movement or push to a joint) | Ultrasound (potential for burns) | |
| Soft tissue work (manual pressure applied to muscles and fascia) | ||
| Hot pack (application of heat to the body through the use of hydrocollator pads wrapped in towels) | ||
| Active muscle stretching (stretches performed by the patient with or without assistance of the provider) | ||
| Passive muscle stretch (stretches performed by the provider without assistance from the patient) | ||
| Supervised exercise (strength, motion, and balance exercises performed under the instruction and supervision of the provider) | ||
| Massage therapy | ||
| Classic western style Swedish massage (stroking the hands and feet or other parts of the body where there is muscle tightness and tension) | Aromatherapy (potential for skin irritation) | |
| Trigger-point therapy (repetitions of manual pressure and release to a source of pain in a muscle) | ||
| Myofascial technique (manual therapy applied to muscles and fascia) |
a
All CIH providers could use a topical analgesic with menthol and provide self-care recommendations to use between treatment visits (eg, breathing techniques, muscle stretches, or self-massage).