Table 1. Critical appraisal form used to evaluate included studies. Based on the paper by Olivo et al.(20).
| Criteria for review and methodological quality assessment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1) Type of Study | ||||
| a) Randomized Clinical Trial and Random / Cohort | S | |||
| b) Pre-experimental / Non-randomized Clinical Study | M | |||
| c) Case Control/ Cross-Sectional | W | |||
| 2) Diagnostic Criteria/Patients Assessment | ||||
| a) RDC/TMD Diagnostic | 4 | |||
| b) American Academy of Orofacial Pain (AAOP) Criteria/Image | 3 | |||
| c) Another Tool – Questionnaire | 2 | |||
| d) Complaint or report | 1 | |||
| e) Description of the groups: Myogenous / Arthrogenous / Mixed | 1 | |||
| S = 4/M = 3/W < 2 | ||||
| 3) Volunteer Agreement | ||||
| a) >80% | S | |||
| b) 60 to 80% | M | |||
| c) <60% | W | |||
| d) Cannot answer | W | |||
| 4) Sample Size Calculation | ||||
| a) Appropriate / A priori effect size and power | S | |||
| b) Small, justification provided | M | |||
| c) Small and no justification provided | W | |||
| 5) Method | ||||
| a) Visual Inspection – live Prior training of examiners Intrarater reliability Interrater reliability Reproducibility / Error Analysis Validity / Sensitivity / Specificity Well described |
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 |
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA |
|
| b) Qualitative Photographic
Analysis Prior training of examiners Intrarater reliability Interrater reliability Reproducibility / Error Analysis Validity / Sensitivity / Specificity Well described |
1 1 1 1 1 1 |
0 0 0 0 0 0 |
NA NA NA NA NA NA |
|
| c) Quantitative Photographic Analysis | ||||
| Prior training of examiners Intrarater reliability Interrater reliability Reproducibility / Error Analysis Validity / Sensitivity / Specificity Well described |
1 1 1 1 1 1 |
0 0 0 0 0 0 |
NA NA NA NA NA NA |
|
| d) Radiography/Cephalometry Prior training of examiners Intrarater reliability Interrater reliability Reproducibility / Error Analysis Validity / Sensitivity / Specificity Well described |
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 |
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA |
|
| Criteria for review and methodological quality assessment | ||||
| For each item: S= 5 to 7 points/M = 4 to 3/W <2 NOTE: If an item was classified as NA (not applicable), it shoud be classified as follows: 0 to 33% of the items classified as NA = W/34 to 66% = M/ 67 to 100% = S |
||||
| 6) Blinding | ||||
| Patients | 1 | Na | ||
| Examiner of the experiment | 1 | 0 | Na | |
| Examiner the measure | 1 | 0 | Na | |
| S= 2 or 3/ M = 1/ W = 0 | ||||
| 7) External validity | ||||
| Internal validity | 1 | 0 | ||
| Good experimental design / selection bias | ||||
| Good control of confounding factors | ||||
| Appropriate statistical and sample calculation | ||||
| Consistency in results (validity / reliability / sensitivity) | ||||
| (1 point only if the paper achieve all items described) | ||||
| The results have clinical relevance | 1 | 0 | ||
| Patients are representative of the population / where screened / age / comorbidities / severity | 1 | 0 | ||
| Observed aspects were clarified in the conclusion and discussion | 1 | 0 | ||
| S= 4 or 3/M = 2/W= 1 or 0 | ||||
| 8) Adequate statistical analysis | ||||
| a) Appropriate /suitable statistical tests | 1 | 0 | ||
| b) Precision (P value described) | 1 | 0 | ||
| c) Confidence Interval | 1 | 0 | ||
| S :2/M: 1/W: 0 | ||||
S=Strong; M=Moderate; W=Weak; NA: Not applicable.