Table 2.

Toxicity behavior of the BNNTs on cultured cells and animals.

Physical coating	In vitro / In vivo	Type of assay	Result	Ref.
PEI	SH-SY5Y	Trypan Blue, MTT	Nontoxic at 5 µg/mL	[12]
glycol chitosan	SH-SY5Y	MTT, WST-1, Apo. kit, Image-IT Green ROS kit	Low toxicity <100 µg/mL	[74]
PLC	Osteoblast cells (RunX2)	Real-time PCR	Increased cell growth	[75]
nonfunctionalized	U87, T98, MCF-7, MRC-5	MTT	Low toxicity <200 µg/mL	[76]
nonfunctionalized	A549, RAW264.7, 3T3-L1, HEK293	MTT, FMCA	Related to cell type	[77]
glycol chitosan	HUVECs	Amido Black assay, Trypan Blue	Nontoxic <50 µg/mL	[71]
glucosamine, PEG, chitosan	MRC-5	MTT	Nontoxic <50 µg/mL	[78]
PLL	C2C12	Trypan Blue, MTT, LIVE/DEAD, annexin V-FITC	Low toxicity <10 µg/mL	[79]
PLL	hOB	MTT	Low toxicity <10 µg/mL	[80]
glycol chitosan	Rabbit	Blood tests	Nontoxic	[81–82]