Table 6.

Results of Previous Studies That Have Manipulated Number of Meanings

Study	High NM words			Low NM words			Difference			$F_{min}^{\prime }$	Sig?
	NM	RT(ms)	Errors	NM	RT(ms)	Errors	NM	RT(ms)	Errors
Rubenstein, Garfield, & Millikan(1970)	—	791	3.7	—	819	3.1	13.8	28	−0.6	3.05	No
Rubenstein, Lewis, & Rubenstein (1971b)	—	833	3.4	—	837	3.2	6.2	4	−0.2	0.80	No
Jastrzembski & Stanners (1975)
Experiment 1	41.5	611	4.7	12.2	640	6.9	29.3	29	2.2	5.65	Yes
Experiment 2	27.6	—	5.1	4.2	—	13.7	23.4	49	8.6	6.70	Yes
Jastrzembski (1981)
Experiment 1	44.0	786	1.4	5.9	897	7.6	38.1	111	6.2	27.95	Yes
Experiment 2	38.9	708	2.0	8.9	792	6.6	30.0	84	4.6	16.02	Yes
Experiment 3	41.5	691	1.9	12.2	705	2.0	29.3	14	0.1	0.63	No
Experiment 4	53.8	639	4.2	18.5	641	4.9	35.3	2	0.7	0.00a	No
Experiment 5	42.8	668	2.1	13.2	685	4.5	29.6	17	2.4	3.25	Yesb
Experiment 6	46.0	670	3.5	13.0	689	6.9	33.0	19	3.4	5.42	Yes
Experiment 7	46.0	705	2.2	13.0	749	7.0	33.0	45	4.8	3.15	Yes

Note. NM = mean number of meanings; RT = mean reaction time; — = value not given in original study; Sig? = significant at p < .05.

^aF₂ not given; F₁(1, 29) = 1.3.

^bSignificant at p < .07.